Metástasis Ganglionar en Carcinoma de Células Escamosas Oral: un Análisis de Factores de Riesgo y su Influencia en la Supervivencia Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n3.4696Palabras clave:
Metástasis de Neoplasias, Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología, Ganglios Linfáticos, Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello, Disección del CuelloResumen
Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas oral (CCEO) presenta una alta tendencia hacia la metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos cervicales (MGLC). Objetivo: Determinar qué factores de riesgo desempeñan un papel significativo en la metástasis a los ganglios linfáticos cervicales y evaluar la influencia de la participación nodal en la supervivencia general de pacientes con CCEO. Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros médicos de 350 pacientes con CCEO. Los datos se analizaron utilizando las pruebas de ji al cuadrado, exacta de Fisher, log-rank Mantel-Cox, así como regresión logística multinomial y de Cox. Resultados: De los 350 registros médicos evaluados, 251 indicaron N0, 75 N1, 16 N2 y 8 N3. El género masculino, las referencias de proveedores de atención médica privados, el estadio T3/4 y los tratamientos no quirúrgicos estaban asociados con el MGLC. Se demostró en análisis multivariado que los hombres y los tumores T3/4 son factores de riesgo independientes para el MGLC. Los factores de riesgo independientes para la supervivencia fueron el género masculino, la participación nodal (p = 0,017) y el tratamiento no quirúrgico. Conclusión: El género masculino y el estadio T son factores de riesgo para el MLC en pacientes con CCEO. Además, la presencia de MGLC y la edad >65 años están asociadas con una supervivencia general reducida.
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