Uso del ADN Circulante Tumoral en el Análisis pronóstico de Pacientes con Tumores Malignos Sólidos del Tracto Gastrointestinal: Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n4.4873Palabras clave:
Biopsia líquida/métodos, ADN Circulante Tumoral, Pronóstico, Tracto Gastrointestinal/patologíaResumen
Introducción: El ADN tumoral circulante (ctDNA), uno de los principales exponentes de la biopsia líquida, constituye una herramienta prometedora en el campo de la oncología. Sin embargo, su uso en la práctica clínica, a pesar de ser variado, requiere mayor apoyo. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del uso del ADN tumoral circulante como herramienta para calificar el pronóstico de pacientes con tumores sólidos malignos del tracto gastrointestinal. Método: Revisión sistemática basada en estudios de cohortes, utilizando las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Science Direct y BASE. La evaluación de la calidad metodológica se realizó mediante la Newcaslte-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Resultados: De los 557 artículos encontrados inicialmente, la muestra final del presente estudio incluyó 13 artículos. Se observaron tasas más altas de recurrencia tumoral y tasas de supervivencia más bajas en pacientes con ctDNA positivo con tumores de todos los sitios principales del tracto gastrointestinal, en comparación con aquellos con ctDNA negativo. Esta correlación fue consistente en todas las etapas del tumor. Además, el ctDNA demostró ser más eficaz para predecir la recurrencia del tumor demostrada mediante examen radiológico en comparación con el antígeno carcinoembrionario, típicamente utilizado en este contexto. Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados apoyan el uso de ADN tumoral circulante en el escenario descrito, de forma complementaria a las herramientas de evaluación pronóstica habitualmente utilizadas en la práctica clínica actual.
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