Efectos de los Enfoques no Farmacológicos sobre los Sintomas Físicos de las Personas con Cáncer Avanzado: Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2022v68n2.2125Palabras clave:
neoplasias/terapia, cuidados paliativos, modalidades de fisioterapia, terapias complementariasResumen
Introducción: El cáncer es un problema de salud pública que, en etapas avanzadas, puede causar malestar físico, psicosocial y espiritual. Así, los enfoques fisioterapéuticos y las Practicas Integradoras y Complementarias en Salud (PICS) aparecen como herramientas importantes para el control y mejoría de los síntomas físicos en estos individuos. Objetivo: Describir los efectos de los enfoques no farmacológicos, que incluyen técnicas de fisioterapia e PICS, sobre los síntomas físicos de las personas con cáncer avanzado. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, que incluyo ensayos controlas aleatorios que abordaron los efectos de los enfoques de fisioterapia o PICS en los síntomas físicos de las personas diagnosticas con cáncer avanzado. Se seleccionaron las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, PEDro, Cochrane, SciELO y la última búsqueda se realizó en abril de 2021. La evaluación de calidad metodológica de los estudios se realizó mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: Se incluyeron veintidós estudios que demostraron que ambos enfoques pueden tener efectos positivos sobre los síntomas físicos, como la fatiga y el dolor, en la población estudiada. Conclusión: La fisioterapia y las PICS tienen efectos positivos sobre los síntomas físicos en personas diagnosticadas con cáncer avanzado. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios con suficiente calidad metodológica para confirmar la efectividad de ambos en los desenlaces estudiados para esta población.
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