Efeito de promotores tumorais em pele de gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1995v41n3.2945Palavras-chave:
Carcinogênese, Iniciação, Promoção, Pele, GerbilResumo
Supondo que a resistência relativa da pele de gerbil adulto à carcinogênese química estaria relacionada a um fenômeno de adaptação ao processo de promoção tumoral, foi caracterizado o efeito de óleo de cróton (OC) e peróxido de benzoíla (PB) sobre a pele de gerbil, através do estudo das alterações morfológicas, correlatas à atividade promotora e induzidas em função da dose administrada, da freqüência do tratamento e da associação ao iniciador metilcolantreno (MC) em modelos bifásicos e trifásicos de carcinogênese. Verificou-se que uma única aplicação tópica de 00 (0,94 mg e 1,88 mg) ou PB (20 mg e 40 mg) induz, na epiderme interfolicular, grau similar de hiperceratose e hiperplasia dose-dependente; outros efeitos, como espessamento da epiderme, hipertrofia celular e inflamação, eram mais acentuados pelo tratamento com OC. O efeito hiperplásico, também mais acentuado com OC, decorreria do estímulo proliferativo e do desequilíbrio entre proliferação e diferenciação epidérmica. O tratamento tópico repetido, com OC (1,41 mg) ou PB (30 mg), independente da freqüência semanal, bi-semanal ou tri-semanal, determinou diminuição do estímulo proliferativo inicial, além de intensa hiperceratose e regressão da hiperplasia, no caso do OC conseqüente ao desequilíbrio entre proliferação e diferenciação, favorecendo a perda celular. Entretanto, o PB, quando aplicado 2 ou 3 vezes/semana, determinou discreta progressão da hiperplasia inicial, decorrente de ligeiro desequilíbrio entre proliferação e diferenciação, prevalecendo discreto ganho celular. Ambas substâncias diferiram também no efeito inflamatório, ocorrendo regressão com OC e progressão com PB. A divergência nos efeitos hiperplásico e inflamatório estaria refletindo mecanismos de ação distintos destas duas substâncias. Ao ser aplicado OC ou PB após MC (0,2 mg), segundo protocolos de carcinogênese bifásica ou trifásica, comprovou-se que apenas o PB tem discreto efeito promotor - propagador – de papilomas na pele de gerbil adulto. Considerando a diminuição do estímulo proliferativo, que ocorre durante o tratamento repetido com OC e PB, associada ao efeito destas substâncias sobre a diferenciação celular - hiperceratose - entende-se que a expansão clonal seletiva de células epidérmicas estaria prejudicada, principalmente com OC, sendo talvez esta a base biológica da resistência relativa da pele de gerbil adulto à indução química de tumores de linhagem epidérmica.
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