Crioterapia no Manejo da Alopecia Induzida por Quimioterapia: Revisão Integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4587Palavras-chave:
Tratamento Farmacológico, Alopecia, Crioterapia/métodos, RevisãoResumo
Introdução: A quimioterapia é atualmente um dos tratamentos mais utilizados contra o câncer, porém, por possuir ação sistêmica, acarreta diversos efeitos colaterais, entre os quais, a alopecia, que impacta na autoimagem e consequentemente na autoestima do paciente oncológico. Visando prevenir esse efeito adverso, a crioterapia capilar passou a ser utilizada como uma opção terapêutica. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento científico produzido sobre o uso da crioterapia para prevenir alopecia decorrente de quimioterapia. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed, IBECS e no catálogo de teses e dissertações da CAPES, com os descritores cold therapy, hair loss, scalp cooling, cryotherapy, alopecia e chemotherapy, no período de janeiro de 2015 a janeiro de 2023. Resultados: Dezoito estudos foram selecionados com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A crioterapia capilar é considerada eficaz na prevenção da alopecia grau 2, além de mostrar benefícios relacionados à velocidade de crescimento capilar após alopecia induzida por quimioterapia (AIQ), porém a técnica não mostrou bons resultados na população negra analisada. Os efeitos adversos mais comuns da técnica são cefaleia, algia mandibular e calafrios. Conclusão: O uso da técnica mostra-se como boa conduta para prevenir a AIQ em indivíduos em tratamento para tumores sólidos em razão da sua segurança e eficácia, porém, ainda são necessárias mais pesquisas em indivíduos de raça negra, por causa da discrepância na taxa de sucesso, visando contemplar todas as raças e curvaturas capilares.
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