Cryotherapy in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: Integrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4587Keywords:
Drug Therapy, Alopecia, Cryotherapy/methods, ReviewAbstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy is currently one of the most widely used cancer treatments; however, its systemic action leads to various side effects, including alopecia, which impacts the self-image and consequently the self-esteem of oncology patients. In an effort to prevent this adverse effect, scalp cryotherapy has emerged as a therapeutic option. Objective: To analyze the scientific knowledge produced on the use of cryotherapy to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Method: Integrative literature review conducted on the MEDLINE, PubMed, IBECS databases, and on the catalog of CAPES theses and dissertations, utilizing the descriptors “cold therapy”, “hair loss”, “scalp cooling”, “cryotherapy”, “alopecia” and “chemotherapy” from January 2015 to January 2023. Results: Eighteen studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Scalp cryotherapy is considered effective in preventing grade 2 alopecia and shows benefits related to the speed of hair growth post chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). However, the technique did not yield good results for the black population analyzed. The most common adverse effects of the technique are headache, mandibular pain, and chills. Conclusion: The use of the technique has proven to be a good conduct to prevent CIA in individuals undergoing treatment for solid tumors due to its safety and effectiveness. However, further research is needed in black individuals due to the discrepancy in success rates, aiming to encompass all races and hair textures.
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