Crioterapia en el Manejo de la Alopecia Inducida por Quimioterapia: Revisión Integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4587Palabras clave:
Quimioterapia, Alopecia, Crioterapia/métodos, RevisiónResumen
Introducción: La quimioterapia es actualmente uno de los tratamientos más utilizados contra el cáncer; sin embargo, debido a su acción sistémica, conlleva diversos efectos secundarios, entre los cuales se encuentra la alopecia, que impacta en la autoimagen y, consecuentemente, en la autoestima del paciente oncológico. Con el objetivo de prevenir este efecto adverso, la crioterapia capilar ha emergido como una opción terapéutica. Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento científico producido sobre el uso de la crioterapia para prevenir la alopecia inducida por quimioterapia. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed, IBECS y en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de CAPEs, utilizando los descriptores “cold therapy”, “hair loss”, "scalp cooling", "cryotherapy", "alopecia" y "chemotherapy", en el período de enero de 2015 a enero de 2023. Resultados: Dieciocho estudios fueron seleccionados según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La crioterapia capilar se considera efectiva en la prevención de la alopecia de grado 2, además de mostrar beneficios relacionados con la velocidad de crecimiento capilar post alopecia inducida por quimioterapia (AIQ); sin embargo, la técnica no mostró buenos resultados en la población negra analizada. Los efectos adversos más comunes de la técnica son dolor de cabeza, algia mandibular y escalofríos. Consideraciones finales: El uso de la técnica se muestra como una buena práctica para prevenir la AIQ en individuos en tratamiento para tumores sólidos debido a su seguridad y eficacia; no obstante, se necesitan más investigaciones en individuos de raza negra debido a la discrepancia en la tasa de éxito, con el objetivo de abarcar todas las razas y curvaturas capilares.
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