Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Secondary to HIV - Case Report

Abstract

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), secondary to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is currently a pandemic, and due to improved pharmacological treatment, individuals with HIV infection are experiencing increased survival. This clinical change is associated with an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms in persons with HIV, especially Kaposi sarcoma and hematological malignancies like the lymphomas. The current article provides a case report on the development of multiple myeloma associated with the immune alterations caused by HIV. Due to the acquired immunodeficiency and aggressive evolution, the patient received a late diagnosis of the neoplasm. Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplasm derived from the clonal expansion of mature plasmocytes, which unlike lymphomas constitutes an atypical manifestation of HIV infection. This disease combination provides important evidence for a better understanding of the oncogenesis of multiple myeloma, in addition to highlighting the tumor's importance as a differential diagnosis in the presence of HIV infection.