Clinical, epidemiological and biological differences between cancer in children and in adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1997v43n3.2853Keywords:
Childhood Cancer, Neoplastic Disease, Childhood MortalityAbstract
In the United States and in other economically developed nations, cancer is nowadays the most common cause of disease-related mortality for the age group 1 to 21 years. In Brazil it is the third major cause of disease-related mortality for the age - group 1 to 14 years. In São Paulo cancer is the main cause of death, excluding accidents, for the age-group 5 to 14 years. The purpose of this paper is to inform the medical community, mainly pediatricians, about childhood cancer and djfferences between childhood cancer and adult neoplasms, which are more frequente and better known. Due to modern multidisciplinar management, childhood cancer can reach cure rates of 60%-70%, therefore the importance of its early diagnosis. That’s why pediatricians must be motivated and informed about the signs and symptoms of neoplasms in children, as there is no screening methods for childhood cancer that may be so useful and efficient as there is for adult cancer control.
Downloads
References
Bleyer, W.A. - Magnitude of the childhood câncer problem. Cancer Bull, 44:444-450, 1992.
Silverberg, E.; Lubera, J.A. - Câncer statistics, 1989. Ca, 39: 3-20, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.39.1.3
Magrath, I.; Litvak, J. - Cancer in Developing Countries: opportunity and challenge. Review. J Natl Cancer Inst, 85: 862-874, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.11.862
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria Nacional de Assistência à Saúde. Câncer no Brasil - Dados dos registros de base populacional. Rio de Janeiro, Pro-Onco, 1995, vol.II, 88 p.
Organización Panamericana de La Salud. Las condiciones de salud en Ias Américas. Washington: OPS, 2: 88-89, 1994.
Reaman, G.H.; Bonfiglio, J.; Krailo, M. - Cancer in adolescents and young adults. Cancer, 71: 3206-3209, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3206::AID-CNCR2820711706>3.0.CO;2-A
Bleyer, W.A. - What can be learned about childhood cancer from Câncer Statistic Review 1973-1978. Cancer, 71: 3229- 3236, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3229::AID-CNCR2820711713>3.0.CO;2-7
Israel, M.A. Pediatric Oncology: Model tumors of unparalleled import. J Natl Cancer Inst, 81: 404-407, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.6.404
Helman, L.J.; Thiele, C.J. - New insights into the causes of cancer. Pediatr Clin North Am, 38: 201, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38075-0
Mc Conkey, E.H. - The genetic basis of cancer. In: Jones and Bartlet Publishers INC. Human geneticity - The molecular evolution, 216-246, 1993.
Israel, M.A. - Câncercell biology. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principies and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. Philadelphia, PA. JB. Lippincott, 207-215, 1989.
Cutter, R.G.; Semsei, I. - Development, Cancer and Aging: possible common mechanisms of action and regulation. J Gerontol, 44: 25-34, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.6.25
B.Fishel, R.; Lescol, M.K.; Rao, M.R.S.; Copeland, N.G.; Jenkis, N.A.; Garber, J.; Kane, M.; Kolodmer, R. - The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell, 75: 1027-1038, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90546-3
Dux, D. - The role of aging in cancer incidence: an epidemiological study. J Gerontol, 44: 10-18, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.6.10
Bodmer, W.F. - Cancer genetics. IN: British Medicai Bulletin, v. 50. Genetics of malignant disease. B.A.J. Ponder, Scientific editor, 517-526,1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072907
Lee, S.W.; Wei, J.Y. - Molecular interations of aging and cancer. Clin Geriatr Med, 13 (1): 69-77, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30183-6
Bleyer, W. A. - Principies of cancer chemotherapy in children. Cancer Bull, 44: 461-469, 1992.
Fletcher, B.D.; Pratt, C.B. - Evaluation of the child with suspicion of a solid malignant tumors. Clin Ped Am Norte, 2: 235-259, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38076-2
Brady, A.M.; Harvey, C. - The practice patterns of adults oncologists care of pediatric oncology patients. Cancer, 71: 3237-3240, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3237::AID-CNCR2820711714>3.0.CO;2-9
Pratt, C.B. - Some aspects of childhood cancer epidemiology. Pediatr Clin North Am, 32: 541-556, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)34823-4
Van Eys, J. - Ethical and medicai issues in pediatric oncology. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 1: 841-848, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8588(18)30654-3
Neglia, J.P.; Nesbit, M.E. - Care and treatment of long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Cancer, 71: 3386-3391, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3386::AID-CNCR2820711742>3.0.CO;2-7
Hancock, S.L.; Cox, R.S.; McDougall, I.R. - Thyroid diseases after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med, 325: 599-605, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199108293250902
WOO, S.Y.; Eifel P. - Evolution of radiotherapy in pediatric oncology. Cancer Bull, 44: 457-460, 1992.
Petrilli, A.S.; Gentil, F.C.; Epelman, S.; Lopes, L.F.; Bianchi, A.; Lopes, A.; Figueiredo, M.T.A.; Marques, E.; De Bellis, N.; Consentino, E.; Prospero, D.; Camargo, O.P.; Oliveira, N.R.; Franco, E.; Jaffe, N. - Increased survival, limb preservation and prognostic factors for osteosarcoma. Câncer, 68(4): 733-37, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19910815)68:4<733::AID-CNCR2820680412>3.0.CO;2-0
Ries, L.A.G.; Hankey, B.F.; Miller, B. A. et al. - Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1988, Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, 1991 NIH publication, no. 91-2789.
Bleyer, W.A. The impact of childhood cancer on the United States and the world. Ca, 40: 355-367, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.40.6.355
Hays, D.M. Adult survivors of childhood câncer. Câncer, 71: 3306-3309, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3306::AID-CNCR2820711727>3.0.CO;2-2
Ettinger, R.S.; Heiney, S.P. Câncer in adolescents and young adults. Cancer, 71: 3276-3279, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3276::AID-CNCR2820711722>3.0.CO;2-D
Nicholson, H.S.; Byrne, J. Fertility and Pregnancy after treatment for cancer during childhood or adolescence. Cancer, 71: 3392-3398, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10+<3392::AID-CNCR2820711743>3.0.CO;2-F
Silverberg, E.; Lubera, J.A. Cancer statistics 1988. Ca, 38: 5-22, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.38.1.5
Bleyer, W.A. Conferência ministrada durante a 30ª ASCO: Encontro Anual da Sociedade Americana de Oncologia Clínica. Material adaptado com autorização do autor.
Parkin, D.M. et al. The International incidence of childhood cancer. Int J Câncer, 42: 511-520, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910420408
De Camargo B. Formação de um grupo cooperativo brasileiro para o tratamento de tumor de Wilms. AMB Rev Assoe Med Bras, 33: 118-119, 1987.
Pro-Onco Nutes. Controle do câncer: uma proposta de integração ensino-serviço. Rio de Janeiro, 1990, 157 p.