Revisão e atualização sobre carcinogênese química cutânea

Authors

  • Maria Angélica Guzmán-Silva Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi (RJ), Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1995v41n2.2933

Keywords:

Carcinogenesis, Initiation, Promotion, Skin

Abstract

The results of experimental mouse skin tumorigenesis studies, first started in the 1940's, have Ied to many significant concepts dealing with the multistage theoty of cancer. Recent years have witnessed meaning fuI advances in the under-standing of molecular and cellular events involved in the stages of initiation, promotion and progression. This article describes the multistage skin carcinogenesis concepts and the mechanisms related to tumor initiation and promotion.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

BOUTWELL, R.K. - Some biological aspects of skin carcinogenesis. Prog Exp Tumor Res, 4:207-50, 1964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000385978

VAN LANCKER, J.L. - Molecular and cellular mechanisms in disease. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp 970-988, 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65967-6

SELKIRK, J.K. - Chemical carcinogenesis: a brief over-view of the mechanism of action of polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, nitrosamines, and aflatoxins. In: Siaga TJ, ed. Modifiers of chemical carcinogenesis: an approach to the biochemical mechanism and cancer prevention. New York, Raven Press, pp 1-31, 1980.

YUSPA, SH.; HENNINGS, H.; SAFFIOTTI, U. - Cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis: past, present and future. J Invest Dermatol, 67:199-208, 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12513040

ROUS, P.; KIDD, J.G. - Conditional neoplasms and subthreshold neoplastic states. A study of tar tumors in rabbits. J Exp Med, 73365-389, 1941.

FRIEDWALD, W.F.; ROUS, P. - The initiating and promoting elements in tumor production. J Exp Med, 80:101-125, 1944. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.80.2.101

BERENBLUM, I. - The cocarcinogenic action of cróton resin. Cancer Res, 1:44-48, 1941.

SAFFIOTTI, U.; SCHUBICK, P. - Studies on promoting action in skin carcinogenesis. Nati Cancer Inst Monogr, 10.489-507, 1963.

VAN DUUREN, B.L. - Tumor promoting agents in two-stage carcinogenesis. Prog Exp Tumor Res, 11.51-68, 1969.

SCHMIDT, R.J.; EVANS, F.J. - Skin irritant effects of esters of phorbol and related polyols. Arch Toxicol, 44.279-289, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278035

SALAMAN, M.H.; ROE, F.J.C. - Cocarcinogenesis. Br Med Bull, 20:139-144, 1964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070307

VAN DUUREN, B.L.; SIVAK, A. - Tumor-promoting agents from Croton tiglium L. and their mode of action. Cancer Res, 28:2349-2356, 1968.

BOUIWELL, R.K.; VERMA, A.K.; ASHENDEL, C.L.; ASTRUP, E. - Mouse skin: a useful model system for studying the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinog Compr Su,i,, 7:1-12, 1982.

BERENBLUM, I.; SHUBICK, P. - The role of croton oil applications, assocated with a single painting of carcinogen, in tumor induction of the mouse's skin. Br J Cancer, 1379-382, 1947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1947.35

BERENBLUM, I.; SHUBICK, P. - A new, quantitative approach to the study of the stages of chemical carcinogenesis in mouse's skin. Br J Cancer, 1383-391, 1947.

BERENBLUM, I.; HARAN, N. - The significance of the sequence of initiating and promoting actions in the process of skin carcinogenesis in the mouse. Br J Cancer, 9:268-271, 1955. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1955.23

BERENBLUM, I.; SHUBICK, P. - The persistence of atent tumor cells induced in the mouse's skin by a single application of 9,10-dimethyl-1 2-benzanthracene. Br J Cancer, 3384-386, 1949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1949.42

POUND, A.W.; WITHERS, H.R. - The influence of some irritant chemicals and scarification on tumour initiation by urethane in mice. Br J Cancer, 17:460-470, 1963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1963.61

POUND, A.W. - Carcinogenesis and cell proliferation. N Z Med J, 67:88-99, 1968.

HECKER, E. - Cocarcinogenic principies from the seed of Croton tiglium and from other Euphorbiaceae. Cancer Res, 28:2338-2348, 1968.

SCRIBNER, J.D.; SÜSS, A. - Tumor initiation and promotion. Int Rev Exp Pathol, 18:137-198, 1978.

WEINSTEIN, l.B.; TROLL, W. - National Cancer Institute workshop on tumor promotion and cofactors in carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 37.3461-3463, 1977.

COLBURN, N.H.: FARBER, E.: WEINSTEIN, l.B.: DIAMOND, L.; SLAGA, T.J. - American Cancer Society workshop on tumor promotion and antipromotion. Cancer Res, 47: 5509-5513, 1987.

SLAGA, T.J.; FISCHER, S.M.; NELSON, K.; GLEASON, G.L. - Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion: evidence for several stages in promotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 773659-3663, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.6.3659

SLAGA, T.J.; FISCHER, S.M.; WEEKS, C.E., KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P. - Multistage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Curr Probl Dermatol, 10:193-218, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000396290

FÜRSTENBERGER, a; BERRY, DL.; SORG, B.; MARKS, F. - Skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters is a two-stage process. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 78:7722-7726, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.12.7722

FÜRSTENBERGER, G.; SORG, B.; MARKS, F.-Tumor promotion by phorbol esters in skin: evidence for a memory effect. Science, 220.89-91, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6828884

SLAGA, T.J.; BUTLER, A.P. - Cellular and biochemical changes during multistage skin tumor promotion. Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund, 14.291- 301, 1983.

MARKS, F; FÜRSTENBERGER, G. – Experimental evidence that skin carcinogenesis is a multistep phenomenon. Br J Dermatol, 115:1-8, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02100.x

SLAGA, T.J.; FISCHER, S.M.; WEEKS, C.E.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P.; REINERS, J. - Studies on the mechanisms invoived in multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J CelI Biochem, 18.99-119, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.1982.240180109

SLAGA, T.J.; FISCHER, S.M.; WEEKS, C.E.; NELSON, K.; MAMRACK, M.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P. – Specificity and mechanism(s) of promoter inhibitors in multistage promotion. Carcinog Compr Surv, 7:19-34, 1982.

SLAGA, T.J.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P. - lnitiation-promotion versus complete skin carcinogenesis in mice: importance of dark basal keratinocytes (stem cells). Cancer Invest, 1:425-436, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07357908309048511

BOUTWELL, R.K. - On the role of tumour promotion in chemical carcinogenesis. IARC Sci Pubi, 563-11, 1984.

HENNINGS, H.; YUSPA, S.H. - Two-stage tumor promotion in mouse skin: an alternative interpretation. JNCI, 74:735-740, 1985.

SLAGA, TJ.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P.; TRIPLETT, L.L.; YOTTI, L.P.; TROSKO, J.E. - Skin tumor-promoting activity of benzoyl peroxide, a wideiy used free radical-generating compound. Science, 213: 1023-1025, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6791284

KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P.; SLAGA, T.J. - Effects of peroxides on rodent skin: epidermal hyperpiasia and tumor promotion. J Invest Dermatol, 7930-34, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12510444

REINERS JR. J.J.; NESNOW, S.; SLAGA, TJ. – Murine susceptibihty to two-stage skin carcinogenesis is influenced by the agent used for promotion. Carcinogenesis, 5:301-307, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/5.3.301

IVERSEN, O.H. - Carcinogenesis studies with benzoyl peroxide (Panoxyi gei 5%). J Invest Dermatol, 86: 442-448, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12285787

IVERSEN, O.H. - Skin tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis studies with 7,12-dimethyibenz[a] anthracene, uitraviolet hght, benzoyi peroxide (Panoxyl gel 5%) and ointment gel. Carcinogenesis, 9:803-809, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.5.803

Dl GIOVANNI, J.; WALKER, S.C.; BELTRAN, L.; NAITO, M.; EASTIN JR., W.C. - Evidence for a common genetic pathway controfling susceptibihty to mouse skin tumor promotion by diverse classes of promoting agents. Cancer Res, 51:1398-1405, 1991.

O'CONNELL, J.F.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.; Dl GIOVANNI, D.M.; FRIES, J.W.; SLAGA, T.J. - Enhanced malignant progression of mouse skin tumors by the free-radical generator benzoyl peroxide. Cancer Res, 46.2863-2865, 1986.

IARC - Benzoyl peroxide. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk. Chem Hum, 36.267-283, 1985.

JONES, G.R. - Skin cancer: risk to individuais using the tumour promoter benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment. Hum Toxicol, 4:75-78, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718500400110

WATTS, P. - Peroxides, genes and cancer. Food Chem Toxicol, 23.957-960, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(85)90129-2

ZBINDEN, G. - Scientific opinion on the carcinogenic risk due to topicai administration of benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Pharmacol Toxicol, 63307-309, 1988.

COTTERILL, J.A. - Benzoyl peroxide. Acta Derm Venereol (Stock), Suppl 89.57-63, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555895763

SHARRATT, M.; FRAZER, A.C.; FORBES, O.C. – Study of the biological effects of benzoyi peroxide. Fed Cosmet Toxicol, 2.527-538, 1964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-6264(64)80351-5

HENNINGS, H.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res, 30312-320, 1970.

MILLER, E.C. - Studies on the formation of protein-bound derivatives of 3,4-benzopyrene in the epidermal fraction of mouse skin. Cancer Res, 11:100-108, 1951.

BROOKES, P.; LAWLEY, P.D. - Evidence for the binding of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons to the nucleic acids of mouse skin: relation between carcinogenic hydrocarbons and their binding to deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature, 202:781-784, 1964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/202781a0

GOSHMAN, L.M.; HEILDERBERG, C. - Binding of tritium-iabeled polycyciic hydrocarbons to DNA of mouse skin. Cancer Res, 27:1678-1688, 1967.

FARBER, E. - Possible etiologic mechanisms in chemical carcinogenesis. Environ Health Perspect, 75.64-70, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.877564

EASTMAN, A.; BRESNICK, E. - Metabolism and DNA binding of 3-methylcholanthrene. Cancer Res, 39:4316- 4321, 1979.

LEVIN, W.; BUENING, M.K.; WOOD, A.W. et al. - Tumorigenic activity of 3-methyicholanthrene metabolites on mouse skin and in newborn mice. Cancer Res, 393549-3553, 1979.

CHOUROULINKOV, I.; GENTIL, A.; TIERNEY, B.; GROVER, P.L.; SlMS, P. - The initiation of tumours on mouse skin by dihydrodiols derived from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene and 3-methyicholantrene. Int J Cancer, 24.455-460, 1979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910240413

SAWYER, T.W.; BAER-DUBOWSKA, W.; CHANG, K.; CRYSUP, S.B.; HARVEY, R.G.; DI GIOVANNI, J. - Tumor-initiating activity of the bay-region dihydrodiols and diol-epoxides of dibenz[a,i] anthracene and cholanthrene on mouse skin. Carcinogenesis, 9:2203- 2207, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.12.2203

HECHT, S.S.; AMIN, S.; HUIE, K.; MELIKIAN, A.A.; HARVEY, R.G. - Enhancing effect of a bay region methyl group on tumorigenicity in newborn mice and mouse skin of enantiomeric bay region diol epoxides formed stereoselectively from methylchrysenes in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res, 47: 5310-5315, 1987.

SAWYER, TW.; CHANG, K.; HARVEY, R.G.; DI GIOVANNI, J. - Futher investigations into the effect of non-benzo ring bay-region methyl substitutents on tumor-initiating activity of polyciclic hydrocarbons. Cancer Lett, 36317-324, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(87)90025-5

RYSER, H.J.P. - Chemical carcinogenesis. New Engi J Med, 285:72 1 -734, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197109232851305

FARBER, E. - Chemical carcinogenesis: a biologic perspective. Am J Pathol, 106:271-296, 1982.

BERRIDGE, M.J. - The molecular basis of communication within the cell. Sci Am, 253:124-134, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1085-142

MARKS, F. - What's new in oncogenes and growth factors? Path Res Pract, 182.831-848, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0344-0338(87)80050-X

BALMAIN, A.; BROWN, K; AKHURST, R.J.; FEE, F.M. - Molecular analysis of chemical carcinogenesis in the skin. Br J Cancer, 58(Suppl IX) :72-75, 1988.

PELLING, J.C.; ERNST, S.M.; STRAWHECKER, J.M.; JOHNSON, J.A.; NAIRN, R.S.; SLAGA, T.J. – Elevated expression of Ha-ras is an eariy event in two-stage skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. Carcinogenesis, 7:1599-1602, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/7.9.1599

PELLING, J.C.; FISCHER, S.M.; NEADES, R.; STRAWHECKER, J.; SCHWEICKERT, L. – Elevated expression and point mutation of the Haras protooncogene in mouse skin tumors promoted by benzoyl peroxide and other promoting agents. Carcinogenesis, 81481-1484, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/8.10.1481

HARPER, J.R.; REYNOLDS, S.H.; GREENHALGH, D.A.; STRICKLAND, J.E.; LACAL, J.C., YUSPA, S.H. - Analysis of the Ha-ras oncogene and its p21 product in chemically induced skin tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 8:1821-1825, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/8.12.1821

YAMASAKI, H.; HOLLSTEIN, M.; MARTEL, N.; CABRAL, J.R.P.; GALENDO, D.; TOMATIS, L. - Transplacental induction of a specific mutation in fetal Haras and its critical role in post-natal carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer, 40:818-822, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910400619

WONG, D.T.W.; GERTZ, R.; CHOW, P.etal. — Detection of Ki-ras messenger RNA in normal and chemically transformed hamster oral keratinocytes. Cancer Res, 49:4562-4567, 1989.

DIAZ-GUERRA, M.; HADDOW, 5.; BAULUZ, C. et a]. - Expression of simple epithelial cytokeratins in mouse epidermal keratinocytes harboring Harvey ras gene alteration. Cancer Res, 52.680-687, 1992.

WEINBERG, W.C.; MORGAN, D.L.; GEORGE, C.; YUPSA, S.H. - A comparison of interfoflicuiar and hair derived celis as targets for the v-ras{Ha{ oncogene in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 12:1119- 1124, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.6.1119

YUSPA, 5H.; HENNINGS, H.; LICHTTI, U. – initiator and promoter induced specific changes in epidermal function and biological potential. J Supramol Struct Cell Biochem, 17:245-257, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170306

YUSPA, S.H.; KULESZ-MARTIN, M.; BEN, T.; HEN-NINGS, H. - Transformation of epidermal ceUs in culture. J Invest Dermatol, 81:162s-168s, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540999

YUSPA, S.H. - Mechanisms of initiation and promotion in mouse epidermis. IARC Sci Publ, 56:191-204, 1984.

KILKENNY, A.E.; MORGAN, D.; SPANGLER, E.F.; YUSPA, S.H. - Correlation of initiating potency to induce resistance to terminal differentiation in cultured mouse keratinocytes. Cancer Res, 45:2219-2225, 1985.

KAWAMURA, H.; STRICKLAND, J.E.; YUSPA, S.H. - Association of resistarice to terminal differentiation with initiation of carcinogenesis in adult mouse epidermal cells. Cancer Res, 45:2748-2752, 1985.

YUSPA, S.H.; MORGAN, D.L. - Mouse skin cells resistant to terminal differentiation associated with initiation of carcinogenesis. Nature, 293:72-74, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/293072a0

MILLER, D.R.; VIAJE, A.; ALDAZ, C.M.; CONTI, C.J.; SLAGA, T.J. - Terminal differentiation-resistant epidermal cells in mice undergoing two-stage carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 47:1935-1940, 1987.

MILLER, D.R.; VIAJE, A.; ROTSTEIN, J.; ALDAZ, C.M.; CONTI, C.J.; SLAGA, T.J. - Induction of terminal differentiation-resistant epidermal cells in mouse skin and in papiliomas by different initiators during two-stage carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 49:410-414, 1989.

WANG, J.C.; YAMAMOTO, S.; KATO, R. – Differential sensitivities of transplacentally initiated newborn mouse epidermal cells to clifferent tumor promoters. Carcinogenesis, 13251-257, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.2.251

YUSPA, S.H.; MORGAN, D.; LICHTI, U. et al. - Cultivation and characterization of celis derived from mouse skin papillomas induced by an anitiation-promotion protocol. Carcinogenesis, 7:949-958, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/7.6.949

RAICK, A.N.; RITCHIE, A.C. - Early ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by croton oil fraction Al in mouse skin. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res, 11:65, 1970.

DELCLOS, KB.; NAGLE, D.S.; BLUMBERG, P.M. - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to mouse skin. CelI, 19:1025-1032, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(80)90093-8

DRIEDGER, P.E.; BLUMBERG, P.M. - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77.567-571, 1980, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.1.567

SOLANSKI, V.; SLAGA, T.J. - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to intact primary epidermal cells from Sencar mice. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 78:2549-2553, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.4.2549

HOROWITZ, A.D.; GREENEBAUM, E.; WEINSTEIN, I.B. - Identification of receptors for phorbol ester tumor promoters in intact mammalian celis and of an inhibitor of receptor binding in biologic fuids. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA, 782315-2319, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.78.4.2315

BLUMBERG, P.M.; DELCLOS, K.B.; DUNPHY, W.G.; JAKEN, S. - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to mouse tissues and cultured cells. Carcinog Compr Surv, 7.519-535, 1982.

NIEDEL, J.E.; KUHN, L.J.; VANDENBARK, G.R. - Phorbol diester receptor copurifies with protein kinase C. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 80:36-40, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.1.36

LEACH, K.L.; JAMES, M.L.; BLUMBERG, P.M. - Characterization of a specific phorbol ester aporeceptor in mouse brain cytosol. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA, 80.4208-4212, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.14.4208

ASHENDEL, C.L.; STALLER, J.M.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Solubilization, purification, and reconstitution of a phorbol ester receptor from the particuiate protein fraction of mouse brain. Cancer Res, 43:4327-4332, 1983.

ASHENDEL, C.L.; STALLER, J.M.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Protein kinase activity associated with a phorbol ester receptor purified from mouse brain. Cancer Res, 43.4333-4337, 1983.

BOUTWELL, R.K.; TAKIGAWA, M.; VERMA, A.K.; ASHENDEL, C.L. - Observations on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters. Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund, 14:177-193, 1983.

HANSEN, L.A.; MONTEIRO-RiViERE, N.A.; SMART, R.C. - Differentiai down-reguiation of epidermal protein kinase C by 12-0-tetradecanoyiphorboi-13-acetate and diacyigiyceroi: association with epidermal hyperpiasia and tumor promotion. Cancer Res, 50:5740-5745, 1990.

SOLANSKI, V.; SLAGA, T.J. - The down-moduiation of receptors for phorbol ester tumor promoter in primary epidermal celis. Carcinogenesis, 3.993-998, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/3.9.993

MARKS, F.; FURSTENBERGER, G. - Muitistage tumor promotion in skin. Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund, 14:273-287, 1983.

FURSTENBERGER, G.; MARKS, F - Growth stimulation and tumor promotion in skin. J Invest Dermatol, 81:157S162S, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540971

FÜRSTENBERGER, G.; GROSS, M.; MARKS, F. - Eicosanoids and muitistage carcinogenesis in NMRI mouse skin: role of prostagiandins E and F in conversion (first stage of tumor promotion) and promotion (second stage of tumor promotion). Carcinogenesis, 10.91-96, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.1.91

FISCHER, S.M.; GLEASON, G.L.; BOHRMAN, J.S.; SLAGA, T.J. - Prostagiandin enhancement of skin tumor initiation and promotion. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res, 6:517-522, 1980.

VERMA, A.K.; ASHENDEL, C.L.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Inhibition by prostagiandin synthesis inhibitors of the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxyiase activity, the accumuiation of prostaglandins, and tumor promotion caused by 1 2-O-tetradecanoyiphorboi-1 3-acetate. Cancer Res, 40:308-315, 1980.

MARKS, F.; BERTSCH, S.; FÜRSTENBERGER, G. - Ornithine decarboxyiase activity, ceM prohferation, and tumor promotion in mouse epidermis in vivo. Cancer Res, 39:4183-4188, 1979.

PERCHELLET, J.P.; BOUTWELL, R.K. – Enhancement by 3-isobutyl-1 -methylxanthine and choiera toxin of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorboi-1 3-acetate-stimuiated cyclic nucieotide leveis and ornithine decarboxyiase activity in isoiated epidermal cells. Cancer Res, 402653-2660, 1980.

ASTRUP, E.G.; PAULSEN, J.E. - Changes in epidermal poiyamine biosynthesis and specific activity of DNA foUowing a singie apphcation of TPA to hairiess mouse skin. Carcinogenesis, 2:545-551, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/2.6.545

PAULSEN, J.E.; ASTRUP, E.G. - Effects of single apiiications of TPA, mezerein, or EPP on DNA synthesis and poiyamine leveis in hairiess mouse epidermis. Cancer Res, 43:4126-4131, 1983.

TAKIGAWA, M.; SIMSIMAN, R.C.; BOUIWELL, R.K. - Tumor promoter-induced refractory state against ornithine decarboxyiase induction by 1 2-O-tetradecanoyiphorboi-13-acetate in mouse skin. Cancer Res, 46.106-112, 1986.

VERMA, A.K.; PONG, R.; ERICKSON, D. – lnvolvement of protein kinase O activation in ornithine decarboxyiase gene expression in primary cuiture of newborn mouse epidermal cefls and in skin tumor promotion by 12-0-tetradecanoyiphorboi-1 3-acetate. Cancer Res, 46:6149-6155, 1986.

PERCHELLET, J.; ABNEY, N.L.; THOMAS, R.M.; GUISLAIN, Y.L.; PERCHELLET, E.M. - Effects of combined treatments with selenium, giutathione, and vitamin E on glutathion peroxidase activity, ornithine decarboxylase induction, and complete and muitistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Cancer Res, 47.477-485, 1987.

GILMOUR, S.K.; VERMA, A.J.; MADARA, T.; O'BRiEN, T.G. - Regulation of ornithine decarboxyiase gene expression in mouse epidermis and epidermal tumors during two-stage tumorigenesis. Cancer Res, 47:1221 - 1225, 1987.

MONKS, T.J.; WALKER, SE.; FLYNN, L.M. CONTI, C.J.; Dl GIOVANNI, J. - Epidermal ornithine decar-boxyiase induction and mouse skin tumor promotion by quinones. Carcinogenesis, 11:1795-1801, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/11.10.1795

GIMENEZ-CONTI, I.; VIAJE, A.; CHESNER, J.; CONTI, O.; SLAGA, T.J. - Induction of short-term markers of tumor promotion by organic peroxides. Carcinogenesis, 12.563-569, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.4.563

GILMOUR, S.K.; ROBERTSON, F.M.; MEGOSH, L.; O'CONNELL, S.M.; MITCHELL, J.; O'BRIEN, T.G. - Induction of ornithine decarboxyiase in specific sub-populations of murine epidermal cefls fotowing multiple exposures to 1 2-O-tetradecanoyiphorbol-1 3-acetate, mezerein and ethyl phenyipropioiate. Carcinogenesis, 13:51-56, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.1.51

VERMA, A.K.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid) a potent inhibitor of 1 2-O-tetradecanoyiphorbol- 13-acetate induced ornithine decarboxyiase activity in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res, 37.2196-2201, 1977.

VERMA, A.K.; SHAPAS, B.G.; RICE, H.M.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Correlation of the inhibition by retinoids of tumor promoter-induced mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxyiase activity and skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res, 39:419-425, 1979.

DAVIDSON, K.A.; SLAGA, T.J. - Effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters and hyperplasiogenic agents on

cytopiasmic giucocorticoid receptors in epidermis. J Invest Dermatol, 79278-382, 1982.

DAVIDSON, K.A.; SLAGA, T.J. - Glucocorticoid receptor levels in mouse skin after repetitive appliccations of TPA and mezerein. Cancer Res, 43.3847-3851, 1983.

TRAININ, N. - Adrenal imbaiance in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 23.415-419, 1963.

VIAJE, A.; SLAGA, T.J.; WIGLER, M.; WEINSTEiN, I.B. - Effects of anti-inflammatory agents on mouse skin tumor promotion, epidermal DNA synthesis, phorbol ester-induced ceflular proliferation, and production of plasminogen activator. Cancer Res, 37:1530-1536, 1977.

SLAGA, T.J.; BOWDEN, G.T.; BOUTWELL, R.K. - Acetic acid, a potent stimulator of mouse epidermal macromolecular synthesis and hyperplasia but with weak tumor-promoting ability. JNCI, 55.983-987, 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.4.983

SLAGA, TJ.; LICHTI, U.; HENNINGS, H.; ELGJO, K.; YUSPA, S.H. - Effect of tumor promoters and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on skin of newborn mice in vivo and in vitro. JNCI, 60:425-431, 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.2.425

SLAGA, T.J. - Anti-inflammatory steroids: potent inhibitors of tumor promotion. In: Siaga TJ, ed. Modifiers of chemical carcinogenesis: an approach to the biochemical mechanism and cancer prevention. New York: Raven Press, 1980, pp 111-126.

NELSON, K.G.; SLAGA, T.J. - Keratin modifications in epidermis, papillomas and carcinomas during two-stage carcinogenesis in the SENCAR mouse. Cancer Res, 42:4176-4181, 1982.

NELSON, K.G.; STEPHENSON, K.B.; SLAGA, T.J. - Protein modifications induced in mouse epidermis by potent and weak tumor-promoting hyperplasiogenic agents. Cancer Res, 42:4164-4175, 1982.

SCHWEIZER, J.; WINTER, H. - Changes in regional keratin polypeptide patterns during phorbol ester-mediasted reversible and permanently sustained hyperplasia of mouse epidermis. Cancer Res, 42:1517-1529, 1982.

GIACOMONI, P.U. - Onc-gene expression in hyper-plasia induced by tape stipping or by topical application of TPA. Br J Dermatol, 115(Suppl 31):128-32, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02122.x

ROSE-JOHN, S.; FURSTENBERGER, G.; KRIEG, E; BESEMFELDER, E.; RINCKLE, G.; MARKS, E - Differential effects of phorbol esterson c-fos and c-myc and arnithine decarboxylase gene expression in mouse skin in vivo. Carcinogenesis, 9.831-835, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.5.831

YAMASAKI, H. - Cell-cell interaction and carcinogenesis. Toxicol Pathol, 14.363-369, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019262338601400313

FITZGERALD, D.J.; MURRAY, A.W. - Inhibition of intercellular communication by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Cancer Res, 40(Pt 1).2935-2937, 1980.

LAWRENCE, N.J.; PARKINSON, E.K.; EMMERSON, A. - Benzoyl peroxide interferes with metabolic co-operation between cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis, 5:419-421, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/5.3.419

PITTS, J.D.; FINBOW, M.E.; KAM, E. -Junctional communication and ceilular differentiation. Br J Cancer, 58(Suppl IX).52-57, 1988.

TROSKO, J.E.; CHANG, CC.; MEDCALF, A. - Mechanisms of tumor promotion: potencial role of in-tercell ular communication. Cancer Invest, 1:511-526, 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/07357908309020276

TROSKO, J.E.; CHANG, C.C. - Role of intercelular communication in tumor promotion. ln: Siaga TJ, ed. Mechanisms of tumor promotion. Celiular responses to tumor promoters. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp 119-145, 1984.

YAMASAKI, H.; ENOMOTO, T; MARTEL, N. - Intercellular communication, celi differentiation and tumour promotion. IARC Sci Pubi, 56:217-238, 1984.

TROSKO, J.E. - Mechanisms of tumor promotion: possible role of inhibited interceliular communication. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 23.599-601, 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(87)90252-5

YUSPA, S.H. - Molecular and cellular basis for tumor promotion in mouse skin. Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund, 14.315-326, 1983.

YUSPA, S.H.; BEN, T.; HENNINGS, H.; LICHTI, U. - Divergent responses in epidermal basal celis exposed to the tumor promoter TPA. Cancer Res, 42.2344-2349, 1982.

PARKINSON, E.K. - Defective responses of transformed keratinocytes to terminal differentiation stimuli.Their role in epidermal tumour promotion by phorbol esters and by deep skin wounding. Br J Cancer, 52:479- 493, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1985.219

DURÁN, H.A.; DE REY, B.M. - Differential oxidative stress induced by two different types of skin tumor promoters, benzoyl peroxide and 1 2-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol -1 3-acetate. Carcinogenesis, 12.2047-2052, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.11.2047

PENCE, B.C.; REINERS JR, J.J. - Murine epidermal xanthine oxidase activity: correlation with degree of hyperplasia induced by tumor promoters. Cancer Res, 47.5388-6392, 1987.

REINERS JR, J.J.; PENCE, B.C.; BARCUS, M.C.S.; CANTU, A.R. - 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent induction of xanthine dehydrogenase and conversion to xanthine oxidase in murine epidermis. Cancer Res, 47:1775-1779, 1987.

REINERS JR. J.J.; THAI, G.; RUPP, T.; CANTU, A.R. - Assessment of the antioxidantl prooxidant status of murine skin following topical treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-1 3-acetate and throughout the ontogeny of skin cancer. Part 1: quantitation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase. Carcinogenesis, 12:2337-2343, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.12.2337

CERUTTI, P.A. - Prooxidant states and tumor promotion. Science, 227375-381, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2981433

SLAGA, TJ.; KLEIN-SZANTO, A.J.P.; FISCHER, S.M.; WEEKS, C.E.; NELSON, K.; MAJOR, S. - Studies on mechanism of action of anti-tumor-promoting agents: their specificity in two-stage promotion. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 77:2251-2254, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.4.2251

FISCHER, S.M.; BADWIN, J.K. ADAMS, L.M. – Effects of anti-promoters and strain of mouse on tumor promoter-induced oxidants in murine epidermal cells. Carcinogenesis, 7.915-918, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/7.6.915

RAICK, A.N.; RITCHIE, A.C. - The fine structural changes induced in the epidermis by croton oil fraction A 1 and two stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res, 12.66, 1971.

KINZEL, V.; LOEHRKE, H.; BOERTTLER, K.; FÜRSTENBERGER, G.; MARKS, F. - Suppression of the first stage of phorbol 1 2-tetradecanoate 13-acetate-effected tumor prornotion in mouse skin by nontoxic inhibition of DNA synthesis. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA, 81.5858-5862, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.18.5858

FÜRSTENBERGER, G.; SCHURICH, B.; KAINA, B.; PETRUVSKA, R.T.: FUSENIG, N.E.; MARKS, F. - Tumor induction in initited mouse skin by phorbol esters and methyl methanesulfonate: correlation between chromosomal damage and conversion (stage 1 of tumor promotion') in vivo. Carcinogenesis, 10:749-752, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/10.4.749

Published

2023-06-02

How to Cite

1.
Guzmán-Silva MA. Revisão e atualização sobre carcinogênese química cutânea. Rev. Bras. Cancerol. [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 2 [cited 2024 Nov. 25];41(2):93-108. Available from: https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/2933

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE