Beneficios y Seguridad de los Ejercicios Físicos en Pacientes con Metástasis Óseas: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura y Metanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2022v68n4.2520Palabras clave:
modalidades de fisioterapia, ejercicio físico, neoplasias óseas, metástasis de la neoplasia, ensayo clínico controlado aleatorioResumen
Introducción: La esperanza de vida de las personas con cáncer metastásico está aumentando, pero este grupo de pacientes tiene un riesgo considerable de tener problemas de salud física y psicológica. En este sentido, el ejercicio físico ha sido un aliado en el tratamiento de pacientes con metástasis óseas. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis sobre la seguridad y los beneficios del ejercicio físico en pacientes con metástasis óseas. Método: Metanálisis con búsqueda bibliográfica realizada en bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, LILACS, PEDro y Embase. Resultados: De los 396 estudios, solo se incluyeron 10, con un total de 531 sujetos. No se observaron efectos musculoesqueléticos adversos durante la intervención, siendo el ejercicio significativamente seguro en individuos con metástasis óseas. No hubo una mejora significativa en la capacidad aeróbica, la progresión de la enfermedad, la calidad de vida, la masa magra y la grasa corporal. Tres de los estudios incluidos evaluaron el dolor durante y después de la intervención, mostrando una mejoría en la puntuación del dolor, asi como una disminución en el uso de analgésicos en el grupo de intervención. Conclusión: La terapia con ejercicios aeróbicos e isométricos es segura para los pacientes con metástasis óseas, además presenta mejoría del dolor, pero sin mejoría significativa en la capacidad aeróbica, progresión de la enfermedad, masa corporal y calidad de vida.
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