Alfabetización Funcional en Salud y Factores Asociados en Pacientes con Cáncer de un Hospital Universitario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n1.4497Palabras clave:
Alfabetización en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos, Educación en Salud, Factores Sociales, Neoplasias/enfermeríaResumen
Introducción: La alfabetización funcional en salud (AFS) es la capacidad de un individuo para comprender información de salud, lo que influye en su participación en las prácticas preventivas, la detección temprana y el manejo de enfermedades crónicas, así como en el acceso a servicios de salud. Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de AFS y variables asociadas en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento ambulatorio antineoplásico intravenoso. Método: Entre julio de 2020 y marzo de 2021, 116 pacientes en terapia antineoplásica intravenosa respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud, y a un instrumento de evaluación de AFS. Resultados: Alrededor del 54%
mostró un AFS inadecuado o límite. El análisis reveló que la probabilidad de tener un AFS limitado era mayor en pacientes de mayor edad (OR 1,05), en aquellos recibiendo quimioterapia por primera vez (OR 4,57) y entre personas con educación hasta la escuela primaria (OR 23,42). Conclusión: El estudio destaca grupos prioritarios que requieren atención especializada y orientación detallada para mejorar el cuidado, especialmente en pacientes que inician tratamiento contra el cáncer.
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