Riesgo de Sarcopenia y Toxicidad Gastrointestinal de Pacientes Ancianos Sometidos a Quimioterapia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4606Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia/dietoterapia, Ancianos, Neoplasias/ epidemiología, Estado Nutricional/efectos de los fármacosResumen
Introducción: La sarcopenia es una condición asociada con un mal pronóstico, incluido el riesgo de una mayor toxicidad gastrointestinal en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento de quimioterapia. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el riesgo de sarcopenia y la toxicidad gastrointestinal en pacientes ancianos sometidos a quimioterapia. Método: Estudio observacional con recolección transversal de datos que involucró a 60 pacientes ancianos diagnosticados con tumores sólidos, seleccionados por conveniencia, que recibían un régimen de quimioterapia exclusivo o combinado. El riesgo de sarcopenia se evaluó utilizando los
cuestionarios SARC-F y SARC-CalF. El diagnóstico de desnutrición se evaluó mediante la evaluación nutricional abreviada (MNA-SF). Resultados: Entre los pacientes incluidos, se observó un riesgo de sarcopenia (SARC-F)
en el 15%. Al utilizar SARC-CalF, este número aumentó al 33.3%. Se observó que puntajes más altos de SARC-F estaban independientemente asociados con un mayor número de síntomas relacionados con la toxicidad gastrointestinal. Además, puntajes más altos de SARC-F (indicando un mayor riesgo) se asociaron con una menor fuerza de agarre manual y puntajes más bajos de MNA-SF. Puntajes más altos de SARC-CalF también se asociaron con una menor fuerza de agarre manual y puntajes más bajos
de MNA-SF. Conclusión: Los hallazgos sugieren que el SARC-F podría ser una herramienta de orientación para intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar el estado muscular, potencialmente mitigando el elevado número de síntomas
gastrointestinales relacionados con la quimiotoxicidad gastrointestinal.
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