Impacto de la Telemedicina en el Cuidado del Cáncer de Pulmón durante la Pandemia de COVID-19: Análisis de Series de Tiempo Interrumpidas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.4872Palabras clave:
Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología, COVID-19, Servicios de Salud, Telemedicina, Consulta RemotaResumen
Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 presentó un gran desafío para los sistemas de salud y la atención del cáncer. Objetivo: Estimar el impacto de la telesalud para consultas ambulatorias para reducir la exposición a la enfermedad para pacientes y profesionales y minimizar el efecto en la continuidad de cuidados oncológicos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Serie de tiempo interrumpida utilizando registros médicos desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2021, considerando la implementación de servicios de telesalud en la primera y segunda ola de COVID-19 en marzo y noviembre de 2020. Los resultados primarios fueron una media de las consultas ambulatorias (CA) de (A) CA-general-mensual; (B) CA-presencial-mensual, (C) CA-general-mensual-para-el-cáncer y (D) CA-presencial-mensual-parael- cáncer. Resultados: 5918 CA fueron analizadas; el 55,3% era de mujeres, el 87% de la raza blanca y la edad promedio era de 66 años; el 25,8% del total de consultas y el 27,7% de las consultas por cáncer fueron de telesalud. Los pacientes blancos, negros y asiáticos tuvieron un porcentaje similar de uso de telesalud (26,3%, 25,0% y 26,8%), mientras que los latinos tenían menos probabilidades de utilizar telesalud (18%, p=0,018). Para los resultados (A) y (C), incluida la telesalud, los brotes de COVID-19 no tuvieron un impacto significativo en las CA. Cuando no se utilizó la telesalud, hubo una disminución significativa en las CA general (B) y para el cáncer (D) en general. En el primer brote de COVID-19, la telesalud evitó una reducción de la CA-general-mensual del 59,1% (p=0,001) y del 40,9% (p=0,019) para el cáncer. En el segundo brote, del 64,4% (p=0,001) para CA-general-mensual y del 59,8% para cáncer (p=0,001). Conclusión: La telesalud impactó positivamente en la atención oncológica en el servicio de cirugía torácica.
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