Ciclo celular: mecanismos reguladores e marcadores bioquímicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1994v40n3.2983Palavras-chave:
Ciclo Celular, Célula Proliferativa, Marcadores Do Ciclo Celular, Proto-OncogenesResumo
Os mecanismos reguladores do ciclo celular e sua inter-relação com fatores de crescimento, oncogenes e anti-oncogenes têm se constituído nas áreas de maior avanço no estudo da biologia do câncer. Continuamente estão sendo descobertas novas proteínas envolvidas no complexo mecanismo que desencadeia as diferentes fases do ciclo celular, como também os seus mecanismos de ativação. A descoberta dessas proteínas e co-fatores que regulam as transições G1/S e G2/M e que atuam na replicação do material bem como o papel dos proto-oncogenes dentro do ciclo celular permitiu aumentar o conhecimento sobre as células ciclizantes como tarnbém, permitiu que estas pudessem ser detectadas mesmo sem a visualização de figuras mitóticas. O desenvolvimento de anticorpos monoclonais contra estas proteínas tornou viável o estudo, em larga escala, de taxas de proliferação celular em diferentes neoplaslas, uma vez que substâncias como Ki67, polimerase alfa e PCNA - Ciclina somente são expressas em células em proliferação. A detecção de células proliferativas permite, através de sua contagem, estimar as taxas do crescimento neoplásico com conseqüente repercussão no prognóstico da doença e na terapêutica do paciente. Neste artigo são revistos os mecanismos de controle do ciclo celular bem como os métodos de detecção de células proliferativas, enfatizando a aplicação de marcadores pela sua praticidade e confiabilidade.
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