Câncer de Próstata e Equidade Racial: Análise das Barreiras de Acesso aos Cuidados de Saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5391Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia, Fatores Raciais/ética, Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeResumo
Introdução: No Brasil, o câncer de próstata é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum entre homens, sendo mais prevalente em idosos. Homens negros, no entanto, apresentam maior incidência e mortalidade, além de diagnóstico mais tardio e menor acesso às terapias adequadas, refletindo desigualdades estruturais de ordem racial, socioeconômica e geográfica. Objetivo: Analisar quais são as barreiras de acesso ao cuidado em saúde para o homem negro com câncer de próstata, explorando desde o diagnóstico, a escolha de tratamento até a autogestão do cuidado relacionado à terapêutica. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura a partir de buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus e BVS. Utilizaram-se os descritores “Prostatic Neoplasms”, “Health Services Accessibility” e “Race Factors”, combinados por operadores booleanos, resultando em 32 estudos incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Os estudos foram organizados em seis categorias (1) Epidemiologia e disparidades raciais, (2) Fatores de risco específicos, (3) Acesso e barreiras ao diagnóstico precoce, (4) Tratamento e desfechos clínicos, (5) Aspectos psicossociais e qualidade de vida e (6) Políticas públicas e estratégias de redução de desigualdades. As análises evidenciaram desigualdade sistêmica no acesso ao diagnóstico, tratamento e suporte psicossocial, além da influência do racismo estrutural e da baixa representatividade em pesquisas. Conclusão: O acesso à saúde para homens negros com câncer de próstata é limitado por barreiras complexas e interdependentes, exigindo estratégias intersetoriais, políticas públicas inclusivas, formação sensível e ampliação da equidade oncológica.
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