Cáncer de Próstata y Equidad Racial: Análisis de las Barreras de Acceso a la Atención Sanitaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5391Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología, Factores Raciales/ética, Accesibilidad a los Servicios de SaludResumen
Introducción: En el Brasil, el cáncer de próstata es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común entre los hombres, siendo más prevalente en los ancianos. Sin embargo, los hombres negros presentan una mayor incidencia y mortalidad, además de un diagnóstico más tardío y menor acceso a terapias adecuadas, lo que refleja desigualdades estructurales de orden racial, socioeconómico y geográfico. Objetivo: Analizar cuáles son las barreras de acceso a la atención en salud para el hombre negro con cáncer de próstata, explorando desde el diagnóstico, la elección del tratamiento hasta la adherencia terapéutica. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura a partir de búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus y BVS. Se utilizaron los descriptores “Prostatic Neoplasms”, “Health Services Accessibility” y “Race Factors”, combinados mediante operadores booleanos, resultando en 32 estudios incluidos en la revisión. Resultados: Los estudios se organizaron en seis categorías: (1) Epidemiología y disparidades raciales, (2) Factores de riesgo específicos, (3) Acceso y barreras al diagnóstico temprano, (4) Tratamiento y resultados clínicos, (5) Aspectos psicosociales y calidad de vida, y (6) Políticas públicas y estrategias para reducir desigualdades. Los análisis evidenciaron desigualdades sistémicas en el acceso al diagnóstico, tratamiento y apoyo psicosocial, así como la influencia del racismo estructural y la baja representatividad en las investigaciones. Conclusión: El acceso a la salud para los hombres negros con cáncer de próstata está limitado por barreras complejas e interdependientes, lo que exige estrategias intersectoriales, políticas públicas inclusivas, formación con sensibilidad cultural y ampliación de la equidad oncológica.
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