Paratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma: Case Report

Abstract

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor of the mesenchymal tissue, often located in the epididymis, tunica vaginalis, or spermatic cord. Most cases present as painless intra-scrotal masses and usually occur before the second decade of life. Staging can be performed with TNM classification as well as IRS classification (Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study). Recommended treatment is radical removal of the primary tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy, while radiotherapy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy can be used in selected cases. We report the case of a 3-year-old child with a history of increasing left scrotal volume and pain. Scrotal ultrasound showed a left hypoechoic area. Serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG were normal. Surgical exploration and radical left orchiectomy were recommended. Anatomopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Staging showed no distant metastasis or lymph node involvement. Patient underwent chemotherapy and has been followed for three years with no evidence of active tumoral disease.