The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the development of squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

In squamous cell carcinoma, invasion and metastasis are regulated by a complex system characterized by neoplastic and stromal cell interaction. These processes are a consequence of basement membrane and extracellular matrix degradation by various enzymes, mainly matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The latter are zinc-dependent enzymes, with low expression in normal tissues but over-expressed in malignant neoplasms. Of all MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases) have been consistently associated with aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis in malignant neoplasms. Gelatinases show a fundamental function in carcinogenesis, since they degrade type IV collagen, an important basement membrane component, participating in stromal and vascular invasion, a fundamental process related to metastasis. This paper aimed to review general aspects of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their relationship to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, with a view towards their preventive and therapeutic possibilities.