The role of vitamin A and carotenoids in the liver carcinogenesis

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant neoplasm with an extremely poor prognosis. Considerable evidence in literature suggests a relationship between nutrition and cancer. Many epidemiological studies suggested that an increased consumption of vitamin A and carotenoids may prevent the development of a wide range of cancers. The objective of this work, therefore, was to review in the scientific literature the effects of vitamin A and carotenoids on hepatocarcinogenesis. A number of studies suggests that retinol acts as an agent that controls both cellular proliferation and differentiation, which may affect carcinogenesis. The antitumor action of vitamin A and carotenoids can be correlated with an enhancement of the immune response, gap junction communications, antioxidant properties and protection against pre-neoplasic changes. The cancer chemopreventive action in individuals with life-threatening liver disease, such as those with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, may offer longer survival time and a better prognosis.