Malnutrition and Low Muscle Mass in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Surgery: is There an Association with Tumor Location?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4630Keywords:
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms/ surgery, Sarcopenia/surgery, Nutritional Status, Body CompositionAbstract
Introduction: Depletion of nutritional status and reduction of muscle mass are common features in cancer patients. Objective: To compare nutritional status, muscle mass, and strength in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer and colorectal cancer. Method: Subset of a prospective cohort study involving patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer undergoing surgery. Nutritional assessment included patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and body mass index (BMI). Body composition was assessed by computed tomography, and handgrip strength, by dynamometry. Sarcopenia was defined by reduced muscle strength and skeletal muscle index or reduced muscle strength and skeletal muscle radiodensity. Results: The study included 52 patients, 54% males, 56% older adults, 67% had colorectal cancer, and 68% were in stages 3 and 4 of the disease. Although the majority of the individuals (42%) were classified as eutrophic/normal weight according to BMI, 56% were at nutritional risk or malnourished according to PG-SGA. Only three patients had sarcopenia. A higher incidence of patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer were underweight and exhibited low skeletal muscle mass compared to patients with colorectal cancer (58% and 42%, p = 0.031; 60% and 40%, p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: The analysis revealed a higher prevalence of underweight and low skeletal muscle mass in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.
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