Dental Profile of Patients Using Bisphosphonates at an Oncological Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n3.4731Keywords:
Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy, Diphosphonates/adverse effects, Dental Care, Health ProfileAbstract
Introduction: Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of bone conditions such as bone metastases from solid tumors and multiple myeloma. They can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw, an uncommon adverse effect that damages the patients’ quality of life. Objective: Describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients using bisphosphonates at the National Cancer Institute. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study based on patient’s dentistry charts from 2018 to 2022. Results: Among the 108 patients included according to the study criteria, the majority were males (56.5%), over 50 years old (82.4%), diagnosed with multiple myeloma (76.9%). Disodium pamidronate was the most prescribed bisphosphonate (37.0%), at a dose of 90 mg (94.7%), administered monthly (74.3%), primarily for the treatment of multiple myeloma (77.8%). Dental consultations predominantly occurred before and during the use of bisphosphonate, although there was an increased frequency of consultations after use. Most of the patients had teeth and used unsatisfactory prosthetics. Tooth mobility was more common before bisphosphonate use (60.9%), with tooth extraction being the most demanded procedure at that time (45.8%). Subsequently and thereafter, dental scaling procedures were most frequently performed (51.3%). Periapical lesions were the most common radiographic findings before and during treatment, while bone rarefaction occurred afterward. Two patients (1.85%) developed jaw osteonecrosis. Conclusion: These results highlight a high demand for invasive dental care before treatment, loss of follow-up thereafter, and an increased need for conservative procedures to maintain oral health.
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