Efectos de un Programa en Línea de Ejercicio Físico sobre la Fatiga, Cognición y Ansiedad de Sobrevivientes de Cáncer de Mama durante la Pandemia de COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.5087Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Mama, Supervivientes de Cáncer, COVID-19, Fatiga Mental, Ejercicio FísicoResumen
Introducción: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama enfrentaron desafíos que exacerbaron la fatiga relacionada con el cáncer, los déficits cognitivos y la ansiedad, frecuentemente reportados en esta población. Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa en línea de ejercicio físico supervisado remotamente sobre la fatiga, la función cognitiva y la ansiedad en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudio preexperimental con nueve mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama (promedio de edad: 55,89 ± 12,18 años) participantes de un programa universitario. La intervención consistió en 18 semanas de ejercicios supervisados de forma remota, realizados mediante videollamadas, con dos sesiones semanales de 30 minutos. El programa incluyó ejercicios de movilidad articular, actividades aeróbicas y de fuerza, estructuradas en formato de circuito, seguidas de estiramientos, con ajustes realizados cada dos semanas. Los resultados se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención, mediante contacto telefónico, utilizando los cuestionarios Piper Fatigue Scale, FACT-Cog-v3 e IDATE. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon (α = 0,05). Resultados: Se observó una mejora significativa en el dominio sensorial de la fatiga (p = 0,042), mientras que otros dominios de la fatiga (fatiga total: p = 0,128; conductual: p = 0,144; afectiva: p = 0,705; cognitivo-emocional: p = 0,752), la función cognitiva (p = 0,999) y los niveles de ansiedad (estado: p = 0,104; rasgo: p = 0,400) se mantuvieron estables. Conclusión: El programa de 18 semanas fue eficaz para mejorar los niveles de fatiga sensorial y mantener estables la fatiga general, la función cognitiva y los niveles de ansiedad en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama durante el distanciamiento social impuesto por la pandemia de COVID-19.
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