Temporal Trend of Mortality by Oral Cancer in Brazil, 1997-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n4.5374Keywords:
Mouth Neoplasms/mortality, Mortality/trends, Health Information Systems, Time Series StudiesAbstract
Introduction: Oral cancer is a public health challenge, and the analysis of its mortality trends is essential to guide prevention and control strategies. Objective: To describe the temporal and regional trends in oral cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 1997 and 2023. Method: Descriptive time series study using data from the Mortality Information System and the “Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)”. Deaths occurring between 1997 and 2023, classified according to codes C00 to C10 of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) were included. The variables analyzed were sex, age, region, Federative Unit, education level, and race/ethnicity. The trend was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression, estimating the annual percentage change (APC) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 133,319 deaths were recorded. The national trend was stationary (APC -0.60; p=0.507). Mortality was predominant among men (78.3%) and individuals over 60 years old (45.1%). The Southeast and the South regions showed decreasing trends, while the North and Northeast regions increased significantly, with emphasis in the states of Acre (APC 4.73) and Maranhão (APC 2.68). The oropharynx (C10) was the most common site (32%), followed by tongue (C02) and unspecified parts of the mouth (C06). Individuals with 12 or more years of education showed a stationary trend (APC 0.43; p=0.376), while the other categories exhibited rising trends, especially those with one to three years of education (APC 8.11; p=0.021). Conclusion: A predominantly stationary trend was observed during the period analyzed, declining in more developed regions and growing in less developed ones.
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