Functionality of Older Adults with Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Descriptive Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5380Keywords:
Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology, Aged/statistics & numerical data, Geriatric Assessment/statistics & numerical data, Functional Status, Quality of LifeAbstract
Introduction: With population aging, the incidence of cancer in older adults has increased, including oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, which impacts functionality in this population. Objective: To assess the functionality of older adults diagnosed with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Method: Cross-sectional study with all incident cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer in older adults treated at the National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2018, with confirmed diagnosis regardless of clinical stage. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits, and oncological treatment information were collected. Functionality was assessed using Katz Index (activities of daily living – ADLs) and Lawton and Brody scale (instrumental activities of daily living – IADLs). Statistical analyses included descriptive measures, chi-square tests for associations between categorical variables, and Student’s t-test for comparisons between continuous variables. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was applied to identify multivariate association patterns (p<0.05). Results: A total of 163 participants were evaluated (70.6% men; 29.4% women). Functional dependence in ADLs was found in 14% of the participants and in 48% for IADLs. Low education level was associated with dependence in ADLs (p<0.05), and men presented greater dependence in IADLs (p<0.05). MCA revealed that smoking and alcohol consumption explained 25.45% of ADL dependence and 29.79% of IADL dependence. Conclusion: A high prevalence of dependence in IADLs was observed. Low education, male sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption were important factors associated with higher functional dependence in this population. These findings reinforce the importance of functional assessment of older adults prior to oncological treatment.
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