Neoplasms’ Mortality Trends in Pediatric Patients: a Temporal Evaluation

Abstract

Introduction: Neoplasms remain a significant cause of pediatric mortality globally, with notable regional and demographic disparities. Objective: To evaluate temporal trends in pediatric neoplasm mortality. Method: This ecological study utilized mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease platform spanning 1980 to 2021. Data were stratified by year, sex, age group (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19), neoplasm type, and WHO world region. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the annual percentage change in mortality rates, with 95% confidence intervals to assess statistical significance. Results: A global decline in pediatric neoplasm mortality was observed from 1980 to 2021, although variations by region, age, and neoplasm type persisted. Mortality rates were consistently higher in males, with all age groups showing reductions — most notably in children aged 0-4 years. North America exhibited the lowest mortality, while South Asia demonstrated the steepest decline. Most neoplasm types showed decreasing trends; however, temporary increases were observed in bone neoplasms, neuroblastomas, and retinoblastomas. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia consistently had the highest burden but also the most pronounced reduction. Conclusion: Despite encouraging global progress in reducing pediatric neoplasm mortality, disparities remain — especially in low-and middle-income regions. These differences may partly reflect underreporting, misclassification, and limitations in data quality. Strengthening surveillance systems, improving access to timely diagnosis and treatment, and investing in equitable neoplasm care remain essential steps toward reducing the global burden of childhood neoplasm.