¿Es Posible Evitar la Biopsia del Ganglio Centinela en Pacientes con Cáncer de Mama y Ganglio Axilar Positivo con Respuesta Patológica Completa a la Quimioterapia Neoadyuvante?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2023v69n1.2759Palabras clave:
neoplasias de la mama, biopsia del ganglio linfático centinela, terapia neoadyuvanteResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de mama representa el 24,5% de los nuevos casos de neoplasias en mujeres de todo el mundo. La quimioterapia neoadyuvante es una herramienta importante en el tratamiento de esta patología, permitiendo cirugías menos agresivas en la mama y la axila, minimizando las secuelas. Objetivo: Analizar la posibilidad de evitar la biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama, sometidas a quimioterapia neoadyuvante, con respuesta patológica completa en el tumor primario y en la axila, tratadas en una institución de referencia del noreste de Brasil. Método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de cohorte en pacientes con cáncer de mama, sometidas a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y operadas en el Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba, en el período de marzo de 2019 a julio de 2021. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 pacientes en el estudio, con una edad media de 52,6 años, y todos eran mujeres. Tras la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, nueve pacientes (21,4%) mostraron respuesta patológica completa en la mama y 17 (40,5%), respuesta patológica completa en los ganglios linfáticos. Las pacientes con respuesta completa en la mama presentaron una prevalencia de respuesta completa en el ganglio linfático 20,44 veces mayor que las pacientes que no tuvieron la misma respuesta. Conclusión: La respuesta patológica completa en la mama a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante muestra una tendencia a predecir una respuesta patológica en los ganglios linfáticos axilares, reforzando que, con esta condición, la biopsia del ganglio linfático centinela podría evitarse sin causar daño al control local del cáncer de mama.
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