Prevenção e tratamento das náuseas e vômitos induzidos pela quimioterapia antineoplásica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.1999v45n1.2767Palabras clave:
Cisplatina, Náuseas, Vômitos, Antieméticos, Prevenção, TratamentoResumen
Náuseas e vômitos decorrentes de quimioterapia têm um impacto negativo importante em pacientes com câncer, mas isso acabou levando a um considerável avanço em pesquisa neste campo. A grande maioria dos estudos se concentra no tratamento da emese aguda, onde se fez grandes avanços; por outro lado, a fisiopatologia da emese tardia não é tão bem entendida, constituindo-se num desafio terapêutico. A literatura mostra que o tratamento para emese aguda induzida por regimes altamente emetogênicos é a associação de antagonistas do receptor 5-HT3 mais dexametasona. Na emese tardia, metoclopramida e dexametasona é o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com bom controle dos episódios de emese prévio. Para aqueles com mau controle, sugere-se antagonistas do receptor 5-HT3 associados a dexametasona. Na prevenção da emese aguda induzida por quimioterápicos moderadamente emetogênicos, o regime mais efetivo é a combinação dos antagonistas dos receptores 5-HT3 e dexametasona. Na emese tardia, há a necessidade de mais estudos, pois até agora, não existem estudos comparando claramente os diversos tratamentos entre si.
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