Pérdida de Productividad Atribuida a Neoplasias en América del Sur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2023v69n1.3289Palabras clave:
costo de enfermedad, neoplasias, años de vida ajustados por discapacidad, América del SurResumen
Introducción: Se ha utilizado la carga de enfermedad en las estimaciones del impacto de las neoplasias, pero aún no se ha explorado la pérdida de productividad por estas enfermedades. Objetivo: Estimar los años de vida productiva perdidos (AVPP) y la pérdida de productividad debido a la mortalidad prematura relacionada con el cáncer en los países de la América del Sur en 2019. Método: Datos de mortalidad disponibles del Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 fueron utilizado para estimar la carga de enfermedad atribuible a las neoplasias. La pérdida de productividad en términos monetarios se calculó utilizando un proxy de enfoque de capital humano (ACH). Los cálculos se realizaron por sexo, en los grupos de edad laboral. Resultados: El número total de muertes fue de 192.240 y de AVPP, 2.463.155. La pérdida total de productividad permanente fue del orden de US$ 4.400 millones y US$ 9.400 millones en purchasing power parity (PPP) – 0,13% del producto interior bruto (PIB) de la región. El costo total por muerte fue de $23,617. Hubo diferencias significativas entre países, pero la variación de escenarios muestra la robustez de las estimaciones. Conclusión: El cáncer impone una carga económica significativa a América del Sur, tanto en términos de salud como de productividad. Su caracterización puede apoyar a los gobiernos en la asignación de recursos para la planificación de políticas y ejecución de intervenciones en salud.
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