Modelización Matemática de la Inmunoterapia de Tumores: Análisis Computacional de la Terapia Celular Adoptiva con Interleucina-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n1.4446Palabras clave:
Modelos Teóricos, Simulación por Computador, Inmunoterapia Adoptiva, Neoplasias/epidemiologíaResumen
Introducción: El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo, pero aún se desconocen aspectos de su dinámica. Una herramienta importante para su estudio es la modelización matemática, que analiza y proyecta el comportamiento tumoral. Para que un modelo sea útil debe ser validado in silico. Objetivo: Validar un modelo matemático de inmunoterapia contra tumores, evaluar cómo interfiere la composición celular de la terapia celular adoptiva en la respuesta y cuál es el esquema más adecuado de administración de interleuquina-2 en cuanto a dosis y tiempo de utilización. Método: Se desarrolló un modelo de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Los parámetros se obtuvieron de la literatura, se adaptaron o se simularon. Las soluciones se hallaron con el software Octave 8.1.0 y se compararon con las de la bibliografía. Resultados: Los resultados, comparados con datos de ensayos clínicos y otras modelizaciones, muestran que el modelo es válido para reproducir la dinámica tumoral. Además, la infusión de terapia celular adoptiva con predominio de linfocitos T CD8+ parece ligeramente más ventajosa que la infusión con predominio de linfocitos T CD4+; dosis altas pero tolerables de interleuquina-2 generan una mejor respuesta antitumoral; y la administración de interleuquina-2 durante más tiempo maximiza la respuesta. Conclusión: El modelo es válido para estudiar la dinámica tumoral y podría ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones. Además, la inmunoterapia con predominio de linfocitos T CD8+ sobre linfocitos T CD4+ y con interleuquina-2 en dosis más altas y durante más tiempo, respetando la tolerancia, mostró mejores resultados in silico.
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