El Paclitaxel Modula la Proliferación y la Diferenciación de Células THP-1 Expuestas al Virus SARS-CoV-2 Inactivado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.5107Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico, Paclitaxel, COVID-19, Síndrome de Liberación de Citocinas, Citotoxicidad Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacosResumen
Introducción: Los pacientes oncológicos fueron considerados grupo de riesgo para COVID-19. Los estudios indican que ciertos tipos de cáncer, como el de mama, pueden presentar respuestas inmunológicas diferenciadas. La evidencia sugiere que el paclitaxel (PTX), quimioterápico utilizado para tratar el cáncer de mama, tiene propiedades inmunomoduladoras, lo que podría contribuir a atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria causada por el SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de PTX en las células inmunes THP-1 activadas por el inmunógeno no viral éster de forbol 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol-13-acetato (TPA) y por el virus SARS-CoV-2 inactivado proveniente de la vacuna CoronaVac (CVac). Método: Se realizó un estudio in vitro, constituido inicialmente por la determinación de la concentración mínima de CVac capaz de activar las células THP-1. Posteriormente, se investigó la acción citotóxica del PTX en THP-1, seguida del análisis de su efecto inmunomodulador mediante el análisis de la tasa de proliferación celular, diferenciación citomorfológica, niveles de óxido nítrico, anión superóxido y expresión génica de las citocinas factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y interleucina 10. Resultados: En 24 horas, la CVac al 5% activó las células THP-1, desencadenando proliferación y diferenciación celular más significativas que el control. No se observaron efectos citotóxicos del PTX. El PTX disminuyó la tasa de diferenciación celular y los niveles de superóxido, cuando se expuso juntamente con TPA o CVac, pero no moduló la expresión génica de las citocinas. Conclusión: Los datos indican que el PTX podría modular la activación inmunológica in vitro contra inmunógenos virales y no virales, lo que sugiere que podría atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria a antígenos, incluido el SARS-CoV-2
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