Paclitaxel Modula a Proliferação e a Diferenciação de Células THP-1 Expostas ao Vírus SARS-CoV-2 Inativado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.5107Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel, COVID-19, Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina, Citotoxicidade Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacosResumo
Introdução: Pacientes oncológicos foram considerados grupo de risco para a covid-19. Estudos indicam que determinados tipos de câncer, como o de mama, podem apresentar respostas imunológicas diferenciadas. Evidências sugerem que o paclitaxel (PTX), quimioterápico amplamente utilizado no tratamento do câncer de mama, tem propriedade imunomoduladora, o que poderia contribuir para atenuar a resposta inflamatória causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do PTX na linhagem de células imunes THP-1 ativadas pelo imunógeno não viral éster de forbol 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol13-acetato (TPA) e pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 inativado oriundo da vacina CoronaVac (CVac). Método: Foi conduzido um estudo in vitro constituído, primeiramente, pela determinação da concentração mínima de CVac capaz de ativar as células THP-1. A seguir, foi investigada a ação citotóxica do PTX nas células THP-1, seguida da análise do seu efeito imunomodulador por meio da análise da taxa de proliferação celular, diferenciação citomorfológica, níveis de óxido nítrico, ânion superóxido e expressão gênica das citocinas fator de necrose tumoral alfa e interleucina 10. Resultados: Em 24 horas, a CVac 5% ativou as células THP-1, desencadeando proliferação e diferenciação celular mais significativas que o controle. Nenhum efeito citotóxico de PTX foi observado. O PTX diminuiu a taxa de diferenciação celular e os níveis de superóxido quando exposto concomitantemente com TPA ou CVac, mas não modulou a expressão gênica das citocinas. Conclusão: Os dados indicam que o PTX poderia modular a ativação imunológica in vitro frente a imunógenos virais e não virais, sugerindo que ele poderia atenuar a resposta inflamatória a antígenos, incluindo o SARS-CoV-2.
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