Impactos de las Derivaciones Urinarias Asociadas con la Cistectomía en la Calidad de Vida de los Pacientes con Cáncer: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n3.5133Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía, Oncología Quirúrgica, Derivación Urinaria/métodos, Calidad de Vida, Perfil de Impacto de EnfermedadResumen
Introducción: El Cáncer de Vejiga (CV) se origina en el epitelio de la superficie interna de la vejiga urinaria y abarca hematuria y síntomas inespecíficos del tracto urinario inferior. El manejo del CV invasivo comúnmente se realiza mediante cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria, con énfasis en los métodos del conducto ileal (CI) y la derivación continente (DC). Objetivo: Analizar comparativamente los impactos en la calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a CI y DC asociados a la cistectomía por CV. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura con metaanálisis, que siguió las recomendaciones del protocolo PRISMA 2020. Los datos fueron recopilados de las bases de datos en línea BVS, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library y SciELO organizados por Rayyan QCRI y analizados en cuanto a su calidad de evidencia por la escala crítica del Instituto Joanna Briggs. El metaanálisis se desarrolló utilizando el software Review Manager 5.4.1. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios en la revisión y cuatro cumplieron los criterios para metanálisis. En el análisis no se identificaron diferencias sumarias significativas entre el CI y DC en la “Escala de Salud Global”, en la “Capacidad Funcional” y en la “Capacidad Cognitiva”. La realización de DC prevaleció en los dominios “Capacidad Física” y “Capacidad Emocional”. Sin embargo, se observó un mayor beneficio del CI en la “Capacidad Social” de los individuos. Conclusión: Así, aunque la DC presentó mejores resultados en el posoperatorio tardío en algunos ámbitos, los dos métodos presentaron resultados similares en un análisis general, destacando la necesidad de una elección individualizada según el perfil del paciente.
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