Fotobiomodulación Asociada o No a Otras Técnicas Terapéuticas en el Tratamiento del Linfedema Poscáncer de Mama: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n3.5249Palabras clave:
Linfedema del Cáncer de Mama, Mastectomía, Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más común entre las mujeres en el Brasil. A pesar de los diversos enfoques terapéuticos, el tratamiento quirúrgico todavía está indicado en muchos casos y comúnmente incluye la biopsia del ganglio linfático centinela o la disección axilar. Estas técnicas se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar linfedema. Como forma de tratamiento para esta condición crónica, la fotobiomodulación (PBM) se ha destacado por sus efectos en la reducción de la inflamación, edema y fibrosis, favoreciendo la recuperación de los pacientes. Objetivo: Sistematizar los efectos de la PBM como terapia complementaria asociada o no a otras técnicas terapéuticas en el linfedema post cáncer de mama. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, PEDro, BVS y SciELO, utilizando descriptores en portugués e inglés. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, sin restricciones de idioma ni periodo de publicación. Resultados: Se incluyeron diez artículos de un total de 227 (todos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, puntuación PEDro de 6 a 9). La PBM aislada demostró eficacia para reducir el volumen del miembro, mejorar el dolor y la funcionalidad, con efectos más evidentes en los primeros meses y posible mantenimiento a largo plazo. Al asociarlo con otras terapias, los resultados se potenciaron. Conclusión: La PBM parece ser un enfoque complementario prometedor para el tratamiento del linfedema posterior al cáncer de mama, con resultados beneficiosos sobre los síntomas. Se necesitan nuevas investigaciones para estandarizar protocolos que favorezcan la reproducibilidad y ampliar su aplicación en la práctica clínica.
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