Características Sociodemográficas y Clínico-Funcionales de Mujeres Atendidas en un Consultorio de Fisioterapia en Oncología Ginecológica

Autores/as

  • Julia Augustin Fortes Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-8187
  • Laura Hoffmann Dias Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-1823
  • Bruna Nascimento Zanfir da Silva Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0548-9178
  • Gabriela Ramos Wochnicki Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-1013
  • Patricia Viana da Rosa Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Departamento de Fisioterapia. Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9067-0718
  • Fabrício Edler Macagnan Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Departamento de Fisioterapia. Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-0251
  • Gabriela Tomedi Leites Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Departamento de Fisioterapia. Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-7193

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n2.5516

Palabras clave:

Braquiterapia, Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos, Fibrosis, Modalidades de Fisioterapia

Resumen

Introducción: Los cánceres ginecológicos representan el 15% de los casos de cáncer entre las mujeres a nivel mundial, afectando la salud reproductiva y la calidad de vida. Aunque los avances tecnológicos han contribuido al aumento de la supervivencia, las pacientes suelen presentar comorbilidades y disfunciones del suelo pélvico derivadas del tratamiento, como estenosis vaginal, fibrosis, dolor y alteraciones genitourinarias. Estos aspectos destacan la importancia de identificar y manejar adecuadamente tales complicaciones. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico-funcional de mujeres sometidas a braquiterapia en un servicio ambulatorio de fisioterapia oncológica de un hospital de referencia, y analizar las asociaciones entre los tipos de tratamiento, los factores clínicos y las repercusiones funcionales. Método: Estudio retrospectivo realizado con mujeres atendidas en un servicio ambulatorio de fisioterapia después de la braquiterapia, en un hospital especializado de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Las participantes fueron caracterizadas según los datos clínicos del tratamiento y las evaluaciones físico-funcionales registradas en las historias clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 106 mujeres con cáncer ginecológico tratadas con braquiterapia. El cáncer uterino fue el más prevalente (85,8%), y la mayoría recibió quimioterapia y/o radioterapia externa. En cuanto a la sexualidad, el 37,7% estaba sexualmente activo, mientras que el 52,2% ya no mantenía actividad sexual antes de la braquiterapia. Las disfunciones urinarias fueron frecuentes: el 29% presentó incontinencia de esfuerzo, el 41% de urgencia, el 23,6% mixta y el 21,7% sensación de vaciamiento incompleto. Las quejas dolorosas incluyeron dolor pélvico en reposo (21,7%), al orinar (13,2%), a la palpación (31,4%) y ardor al orinar (31,1%). Conclusión: Se observó una alta prevalencia de disfunciones urinarias, sexuales y dolorosas después del tratamiento del cáncer ginecológico. Estos hallazgos refuerzan el carácter multifactorial de las disfunciones del suelo pélvico en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico, evidenciando la necesidad de una evaluación fisioterapéutica integral que considere tanto las repercusiones del tratamiento oncológico como los antecedentes ginecológicos y obstétricos de las pacientes.

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Publicado

2026-02-12

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1.
Fortes JA, Dias LH, Silva BNZ da, Wochnicki GR, Rosa PV da, Macagnan FE, Leites GT. Características Sociodemográficas y Clínico-Funcionales de Mujeres Atendidas en un Consultorio de Fisioterapia en Oncología Ginecológica. Rev. Bras. Cancerol. [Internet]. 12 de febrero de 2026 [citado 14 de febrero de 2026];72(2):e-015516. Disponible en: https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/5516

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