Associação da Mobilidade com a Condição Físico-Funcional em Pacientes Oncológicos Hospitalizados

Vanessa de Mello Konzen; Matheus Santos Gomes  Jorge; Ana Luisa Sant’Anna Alves; Lia Mara Wibelinger

doi:10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5522

Autores/as

Vanessa de Mello Konzen Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-9598
Matheus Santos Gomes Jorge Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-0572
Ana Luisa Sant’Anna Alves Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-7471
Lia Mara Wibelinger Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-3946

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5522

Palabras clave:

Destreza Motora, Actividad Motora, Sarcopenia, Oncología, Hospitalización

Resumen

Introducción: La movilidad es esencial para la independencia funcional de los pacientes con cáncer, especialmente durante la hospitalización. La escala Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility (JH-HLM) proporciona una medida objetiva de esta capacidad y se ha aplicado en contextos oncológicos. La fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) refleja la fuerza muscular y el estado nutricional, mientras que el riesgo de sarcopenia, caracterizado por la pérdida de masa y fuerza muscular, afecta negativamente el pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la movilidad y sus asociaciones con la FPM, el riesgo de sarcopenia y el nivel de actividad física previo a la hospitalización en pacientes oncológicos. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con adultos y personas mayores internados en dos hospitales del sur del Brasil entre diciembre de 2024 y julio de 2025. La movilidad se evaluó mediante la JH HLM; la FPM, con dinamómetro; el riesgo de sarcopenia con el cuestionario SARC-F combinado con la circunferencia de la pantorrilla; y la actividad física con el IPAQ corto. Resultados: Participaron 210 pacientes, en su mayoría mujeres de 60 años o más, autodeclarados blancos, sedentarios y con debilidad muscular. Según la JH HLM, el 87,1% presentó movilidad elevada y el 12,9% movilidad restringida. La movilidad elevada se asoció significativamente con menor edad, tener pareja, mayor nivel de actividad física y bajo riesgo de sarcopenia. Tras el ajuste multivariado, el sedentarismo (RP=1,084; IC95%: 1,001–1,173) y el riesgo de sarcopenia (RP=0,905; IC95%: 0,824–0,993) se mantuvieron como predictores independientes. Conclusión: La actividad física previa y el bajo riesgo de sarcopenia favorecen una mejor movilidad en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados.

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