O Papel dos Polimorfismos de Nucleotídeo Único nos Genes ERCC1, BACH1 e NR5A2 na Suscetibilidade ao Câncer de Pâncreas e na Epidemiologia Global: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5363Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias Pancreáticas/etiologia, Epidemiologia/estatística & dados numéricos, Incidência, Mortalidade/tendências, Variação GenéticaResumo
Introdução: O câncer de pâncreas é uma das neoplasias malignas mais agressivas, ocupando a décima segunda posição entre os tipos de câncer mais comuns, e a sexta principal causa de mortes relacionadas ao câncer em todo o mundo. Sua etiologia é multifatorial, envolvendo fatores genéticos e não genéticos. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre dados epidemiológicos sobre a incidência e mortalidade global do câncer de pâncreas e variações genéticas específicas conhecidas como polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP). Método: Analisaram-se 253 SNP, identificados por meio de estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS). As frequências alélicas foram obtidas em bancos de dados populacionais globais. Utilizando análise de correlação de Pearson, avaliaram-se as relações entre as frequências dos SNP, a incidência e as taxas de mortalidade. Resultados: Os resultados identificaram 16 SNP significativos (p<0,05), entre os quais rs2816938, rs372883 e rs2236575 se destacaram com alta significância (p<0,001). Essas variantes estiveram principalmente associadas a maiores taxas de mortalidade, especialmente em populações europeias e americanas, enquanto populações africanas e do Sudeste Asiático apresentaram frequências mais baixas dos SNP e menores taxas de mortalidade. Os achados sugerem que a predisposição genética desempenha um papel crucial na suscetibilidade e progressão do câncer de pâncreas. Conclusão: A correlação entre as frequências dos SNP e os dados epidemiológicos reforça a influência de fatores genéticos específicos de cada população, ressaltando a importância de abordagens personalizadas nas estratégias de rastreamento, prevenção e tratamento.
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