Desnutrição e Baixa Massa Muscular em Pacientes com Câncer Gastrointestinal Submetidos à Cirurgia: Existe Associação com a Localização do Tumor?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n2.4630Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/cirurgia, Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia, Sarcopenia/cirurgia, Estado Nutricional, Composição CorporalResumo
Introdução: A depleção do estado nutricional e a redução da massa muscular são características frequentes em pacientes com câncer. Objetivo: Comparar o estado nutricional, a massa e a força muscular em pacientes com câncer do trato gastrointestinal alto e câncer colorretal. Método: Subamostra de estudo de coorte prospectivo com pacientes com câncer do trato gastrointestinal submetidos à cirurgia. Para avaliação nutricional, foram utilizados a avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo paciente (ASG-PPP) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC). A composição corporal foi avaliada por tomografia computadorizada e a aferição da força de preensão manual por dinamometria. A sarcopenia foi estabelecida pela redução da força e do índice de massa muscular esquelética ou redução da força e radiodensidade muscular esquelética. Resultados: O estudo foi conduzido com 52 pacientes, dos quais 54% eram do sexo masculino, 56% idosos, 67% com câncer colorretal e 68% em estádios 3 e 4 da doença. Na primeira consulta, embora a maioria dos indivíduos (42%) tenha sido classificada na faixa de peso adequado/eutrofia segundo o IMC, 56% apresentavam risco ou desnutrição de acordo com a ASG-PPP. Apenas três pacientes apresentavam sarcopenia. Foram observadas maior ocorrência de pacientes com baixo peso/desnutrição e redução da massa muscular esquelética no grupo de tumores do trato gastrointestinal alto em comparação com o grupo de pacientes com tumor colorretal (58% e 42%, p = 0,031; 60% e 40%, p = 0,018, respectivamente). Conclusão: A análise revelou uma ocorrência mais elevada de redução da massa muscular esquelética e baixo peso/desnutrição em pacientes com tumores do trato gastrointestinal alto.
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