Fotobiomodulação Associada ou Não a Outras Técnicas Terapêuticas no Tratamento do Linfedema Pós-Câncer de Mama: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n3.5249Palavras-chave:
Linfedema Relacionado a Câncer de Mama, Mastectomia, Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade, Revisão SistemáticaResumo
Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais incidente entre mulheres no Brasil. Apesar das diversas abordagens terapêuticas, o tratamento cirúrgico ainda é indicado em muitos casos e comumente inclui a biópsia do linfonodo sentinela ou a dissecção axilar. Essas técnicas estão associadas a um risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de linfedema. Como forma de tratamento dessa condição crônica, a fotobiomodulação (FBM) tem se destacado por seus efeitos na redução da inflamação, edema e fibrose, favorecendo a recuperação das pacientes. Objetivo: Sistematizar os efeitos da FBM como terapia complementar associada ou não a outras técnicas terapêuticas no linfedema pós-câncer de mama. Método: Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, PEDro, BVS e SciELO, com uso de descritores em português e inglês. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, sem restrição de idioma ou período de publicação. Resultados: Foram incluídos dez artigos no total de 227 (todos ensaios clínicos randomizados, escore PEDro 6-9). A FBM isolada demonstrou eficácia na redução do volume do membro, melhora da dor e funcionalidade, com efeitos mais evidentes nos primeiros meses e possível manutenção em longo prazo. Quando associada a outras terapias, os resultados foram potencializados. Conclusão: A FBM se mostra uma abordagem complementar promissora para o manejo do linfedema pós-câncer de mama, com resultados benéficos sobre os sintomas. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para padronizar protocolos que favoreçam a reprodutibilidade e ampliem sua aplicação na prática clínica.
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