Fatores Associados à Cessação do Tabagismo em Pacientes Oncológicos do INCA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n2.5538Palavras-chave:
Tabagismo, Abandono do Hábito de Fumar, Demografia, NeoplasiasResumo
Introdução: O tabagismo em pacientes oncológicos acarreta consequências negativas, como redução da sobrevida, aumento do risco de complicações cirúrgicas, menor eficácia terapêutica e maior probabilidade de recidiva. Apesar disso, muitos pacientes com câncer continuam a fumar mesmo após o diagnóstico. Agrava-se esse cenário pelo fato de muitos pacientes não receberem orientações adequadas sobre os riscos relacionados à manutenção do tabagismo durante o tratamento oncológico. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados à cessação do tabagismo entre pacientes oncológicos submetidos ao tratamento da dependência de nicotina, atendidos no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA). Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva utilizando dados do prontuário eletrônico do Centro de Estudos para Tratamento da Dependência de Nicotina do INCA. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas ao processo de tratamento. Resultados: De 211 pacientes analisados, 31,8% (n=67) alcançaram cessação, com odds ratio (OR) ajustada de 2,58 (IC 95% 1,31-5,11) para comparecimento a ≥4 consultas, com maior taxa de sucesso entre aqueles submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico. Indivíduos autodeclarados de raça/cor negra e aqueles que não viviam com companheiro(a) apresentaram menor probabilidade de interrupção do tabagismo. Conclusão: Os achados evidenciam a necessidade de sensibilizar e capacitar profissionais de saúde para a abordagem do tabagismo no contexto oncológico, reforçando sua relevância como componente essencial do cuidado integral. É fundamental considerar as desigualdades sociodemográficas no planejamento de estratégias terapêuticas personalizadas, respeitando a singularidade e a vulnerabilidade dos pacientes com câncer.
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