Impact of the C-MYC oncogene on cancer

Abstract

The C-MYC oncogene has been highlighted as a key element in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers. Recent evidence reinforces the direct and indirect participation of the C-MYC protein in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, metabolism, cell growth, apoptosis, genomic instability, immortality, and angiogenesis. New efforts have focused on the identification of target genes regulated by C-MYC and explaining the molecular mechanisms involved in neoplastic cell transformation. However, the greatest challenge is the development of tools capable of modulating the interaction between the C-MYC protein and its molecular targets, thereby revealing potential therapeutic approaches. The current review discusses general aspects and peculiarities pertaining to C-MYC activation and regulation and considers various cell programs modulated by the C-MYC protein.