Temporal and Geographical Overview of Cancer Mortality in Alagoas (2001-2022): The Urgency of Care Decentralization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5628Keywords:
Neoplasms/mortality, Mortality, Spatial Analysis, Temporal DistributionAbstract
Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding its temporal and spatial distribution can support public policies and resource allocation. Objective: To describe the temporal trend and territorial distribution of cancer mortality in Alagoas between 2001 and 2022. Method: Epidemiological study using mortality data (ICD-10 C00–C97). Residents aged 19 to 99 years, with valid sex and municipality information, were included. Population data was obtained from DATASUS. Crude mortality rates (CMR) per 1,000 inhabitants were calculated. Trends were assessed by segmented log-linear regression, and spatial analyses and stratifications by Health Region were conducted in Python. Results: A total of 39,611 deaths were recorded (48.3% men). The CMR increased from 32,8 to 77,7/100,000 inhabitants, with an average annual change of +3.6%, between 2006 and 2022. Among men, prostate cancer was the leading cause (3,126 deaths; +5.8%/year), while among women breast cancer (2,989; +6.5%/year) and cervical cancer (2,031; +4.4%/year) predominated. The mean age at death was 63.9 years, with 25% occurring before the age of 54. 27.1% of the deaths occurred outside the municipality of residence, indicating centralized care. In 2020, there was a 0.7% decline, attributed to underreporting during the pandemic period, followed by recovery. Conclusion: Cancer mortality in Alagoas is increasing steadily, characterized by premature deaths, geographic concentration, and care displacement. Decentralizing the oncology network, expanding screening for preventable tumors, and strengthening home palliative care are priority actions to reduce mortality.
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