Abdominoperineal Resection of the Rectum in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5821Keywords:
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications, Anal Canal/surgery, HIV, Papillomavirus Infections, ProctectomyAbstract
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is an uncommon neoplasm, frequently associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), and presents therapeutic challenges, especially in immunosuppressed patients, such as those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Early identification based on risk factors is essential to increase the chances of therapeutic success. Case report: A 40-year-old HIV-positive male patient was diagnosed with residual squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal following initial treatment for an anal fissure. Due to the persistence of the disease after chemoradiotherapy, he underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. The clinical course was dismal. As a result of early bilateral progression of inguinal lymph node disease, the patient died, demonstrating the high tumor aggressiveness in the context of immunosuppression. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the complexity of managing squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in an HIV-positive patient and underscores the aggressiveness of the disease in refractory scenarios. The outcome reinforces the importance of surveillance and early diagnosis in high-risk populations to improve therapeutic response and clinical outcomes.
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