Revisión de la Farmacoterapia en Pacientes Oncológicos en Cuidados Paliativos: el Farmacéutico en la Garantía del uso Racional y Seguro de los Medicamentos para el Control de los Síntomas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2024v70n3.4695Palabras clave:
Revisión de Medicamentos, Deprescripciones, Oncología, Cuidados PaliativosResumen
Introducción: La revisión farmacoterapéutica consiste en analizar los fármacos utilizados por un paciente, con el objetivo de reducir los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM). El tratamiento paliativo puede provocar efectos adversos y contribuir a la polifarmacia. Por lo tanto, el farmacéutico es de gran valor para garantizar la seguridad y el uso racional asociado al tratamiento farmacológico. Objetivo: Analizar la revisión de la farmacoterapia realizada en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a cuidados paliativos exclusivos en un instituto de referencia de Río de Janeiro. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, que involucró a pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados paliativos exclusivos del Instituto Nacional do Cáncer, quienes tuvieron su tratamiento farmacológico revisado por el farmacéutico, del 1 de junio de 2022 al 31 de mayo de 2023. Resultados: Se revisó el tratamiento farmacológico en 171 pacientes, la mayoría de sexo femenino (n=114; 66,7%) con edad igual o superior a los 60 años (n=104; 60,8%). Más de la mitad de los pacientes presentaron al menos una comorbilidad (n=93; 54,4%), con predominio de las relacionadas con el sistema circulatorio (n=68; 43,9%). El porcentaje de PRM y el porcentaje de intervenciones farmacéuticas arrojaron resultados equivalentes (23,4%). El PRM principal fue el uso de un medicamento que el paciente no necesitaba (n=49; 53,3%) y la mayoría de las intervenciones ocurrió para excluir medicamentos (n=55; 56,7%). Hubo 93,5% de aceptabilidad de las intervenciones. Conclusión: El estudio destaca la importancia de revisar la farmacoterapia para optimizar el tratamiento farmacológico en cuidados paliativos y refuerza la necesidad de reducir el número de medicamentos prescritos al final de la vida.
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