Nuevas Estrategias en Inmunoterapia con Células CAR-T en Pacientes con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda: Investigando el Ascenso de la Terapéutica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n3.5017Palabras clave:
Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos, Inmunoterapia, Técnicas Inmunológicas, Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras, Ingeniería GenéticaResumen
Introducción: La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es una neoplasia hematológica caracterizada por la proliferación descontrolada de linfoblastos mutados de linaje B y/o T, que compromete gravemente al organismo humano y presenta una alta tasa de letalidad. Este cuadro conduce a los pacientes a un curso clínico extenuante, agravado por los efectos adversos de las terapias convencionales. En este contexto, la estrategia de tratamiento con células T modificadas genéticamente para expresar el receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR) demuestra eficacia significativa, superando las adversidades de esta patología agresiva. Objetivo: Analizar las implicaciones clínicas identificadas en los principales estudios sobre el tratamiento con células CAR-T para el tratamiento de la LLA. Método: Revisión bibliográfica integradora que incluyó la recopilación de artículos científicos de bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO, Periódicos, Scopus, Web of Science y J-STAGE a partir del año 2000, con el fin de investigar, analizar y destacar los impactos de la terapia con células CAR-T en pacientes con LLA. Resultados: Los datos evidencian que, a pesar de los obstáculos derivados de los efectos adversos y la resistencia tumoral, el uso de células CAR-T es un enfoque terapéutico esencial en el tratamiento de la LLA, con altas tasas de remisión y supervivencia global observadas en ensayos clínicos. Sin embargo, la terapia presenta desafíos considerables, incluyendo altos costos, retos en la garantía de calidad de producción y elevadas tasas de recidiva, lo que compromete la validación definitiva de su eficacia y seguridad. Conclusión: Se considera imprescindible la realización de nuevas investigaciones para optimizar la construcción de las células CAR-T y la identificación de biomarcadores más precisos.
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