Novas Estratégias em Imunoterapia com Células CAR-T em Pacientes com Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda: Investigando a Ascensão da Terapêutica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n3.5017Palavras-chave:
Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos, Imunoterapia, Técnicas Imunológicas, Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras, Engenharia GenéticaResumo
Introdução: A leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) é uma neoplasia hematológica identificada pela proliferação descontrolada de linfoblastos mutados de linhagem B e/ou T, que compromete gravemente o organismo humano e apresenta alta taxa de letalidade. Esse quadro conduz os pacientes a um percurso clínico extenuante, agravado pelos efeitos adversos das terapias convencionais. Nesse contexto, a estratégia de tratamento com células T modificadas geneticamente para expressar o receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR) demonstra eficácia significativa, superando as adversidades dessa patologia agressiva. Objetivo: Analisar as implicações clínicas identificadas nos principais estudos sobre tratamento com células CAR-T no tratamento da LLA. Método: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa que envolve coleta de artigos científicos de bases de dados como PubMed, SciELO, Periódicos, Scopus, Web of Science e J-STAGE a partir do ano 2000, com foco em investigar, analisar e destacar os impactos da terapia com células CAR-T nos pacientes com LLA. Resultados: Os dados evidenciam que, apesar dos obstáculos decorrentes dos efeitos adversos e da resistência tumoral, o uso de células CAR-T é uma abordagem terapêutica essencial no combate à LLA, apresentando altos índices de remissão e sobrevida global, observados nos testes clínicos. No entanto, a terapia apresenta empecilhos consideráveis, incluindo custos elevados, desafios na garantia de qualidade de produção e altas taxas de recidiva, comprometendo a validação definitiva da eficácia e segurança. Conclusão: É imprescindível a realização de novas pesquisas para aprimorar a construção do CAR-T e a identificação de biomarcadores mais precisos.
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