Identificación de MicroARNs Asociados al Diagnóstico y Pronóstico del Colangiocarcinoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5375Palabras clave:
Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico, Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico, MicroARNs, Pronóstico, Biología Computacional/estadística & datos numéricosResumen
Introducción: El colangiocarcinoma (CHOL) es una neoplasia maligna del epitelio biliar y constituye la segunda forma más común de cáncer hepático. Su alta agresividad y diagnóstico tardío dificultan la implementación de terapias eficaces. La falta de biomarcadores pronósticos confiables también impide un manejo clínico adecuado. En este contexto, los microARN (miARN) surgen como reguladores postranscripcionales de la expresión génica, con potencial diagnóstico y pronóstico en diversos tumores. Objetivo: Identificar los principales miARNs asociados al diagnóstico y pronóstico del CHOL, con énfasis en la metástasis ganglionar, mediante análisis bioinformático de datos del The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio basado en bioinformática. Se analizaron 45 muestras (36 tumorales y 9 normales) extraídas del TCGA. Se utilizaron las plataformas CancerMIRNome, OncomiR y UALCAN para la selección, filtrado y análisis de la expresión diferencial de miARNs en relación con variables clínicas y demográficas. Resultados: Se identificaron 245 miARNs con significación estadística, de los cuales nueve presentaron asociación con metástasis ganglionar: let-7c-5p, miR-1258, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-194-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-378a-3p, miR-92b-3p y miR-96-5p. El miR-194-3p se destacó por su asociación con todas las variables clínicas analizadas. No se observó una correlación significativa con la supervivencia global de los pacientes. Conclusión: Los miARNs identificados presentan un valor pronóstico potencial en el CHOL, especialmente en la estratificación por metástasis ganglionar. No obstante, se requieren nuevos estudios con validación experimental y análisis funcionales para confirmar su papel en la progresión tumoral del CHOL.
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