Identificação de MicroRNA Associados ao Diagnóstico e Prognóstico do Colangiocarcinoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n1.5375Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico, Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico, MicroRNAs, Prognóstico, Biologia Computacional/estatística & dados numéricosResumo
Introdução: O colangiocarcinoma (CHOL) é uma neoplasia maligna do epitélio biliar, sendo a segunda principal forma de câncer hepático. Sua alta agressividade e diagnóstico tardio dificultam terapias eficazes. A falta de biomarcadores prognósticos confiáveis também impede o manejo clínico adequado. Nesse contexto, os microRNA (miRNA) surgem como reguladores pós-transcricionais da expressão gênica, com potencial diagnóstico e prognóstico em diversos tumores. Objetivo: Identificar os principais miRNA associados ao diagnóstico e prognóstico do CHOL, com enfoque especial na metástase linfonodal, por meio da análise bioinformática de dados obtidos do The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório baseado em ferramentas de bioinformática. Foram analisadas 45 amostras (36 tumorais e 9 normais) provenientes do TCGA. Para triagem, filtragem e análise da expressão diferencial dos miRNAs em relação às variáveis clínicas e demográficas, utilizaram-se as plataformas CancerMIRNome, OncomiR e UALCAN. Resultados: Identificaram-se 245 miRNA com significância estatística, dos quais 9 demonstraram associação com a presença de metástase linfonodal: let-7c-5p, miR-1258, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-194-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-378a-3p, miR-92b-3p e miR-96-5p. O miR-194-3p destacou-se por sua correlação com todas as variáveis clínicas avaliadas. Não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre os miRNA e a sobrevida global dos pacientes. Conclusão: Os miRNA identificados apresentam potencial para serem utilizados como biomarcadores prognósticos no CHOL, especialmente na estratificação dos pacientes com metástase linfonodal. Entretanto, são necessários estudos adicionais com validação experimental e análises funcionais para confirmar o papel desses miRNAs na progressão tumoral do CHOL.
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