Impacto da Cirurgia Colorretal no Desempenho Funcional e Autopercepção de Saúde de Pacientes com Doença Oncológica

Sabrina Antonio de Souza; Gabriela Zanon; Siomara Regina Hahn; Lia Mara Wibelinger

doi:10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5504

Autores/as

Sabrina Antonio de Souza Universidade de Passo Fundo. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-9028
Gabriela Zanon Universidade de Passo Fundo. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0583-1521
Siomara Regina Hahn Universidade do Porto. Porto, Portugal. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-6659
Lia Mara Wibelinger Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Passo Fundo (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-3946

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5504

Palabras clave:

Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía, Cirugía Colorrectal, Sarcopenia, Estado Funcional

Resumen

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en el Brasil, y el tratamiento quirúrgico puede afectar el desempeño funcional y la autopercepción de la salud de los pacientes. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la cirugía de cáncer colorrectal en el desempeño funcional y la autopercepción de la salud de pacientes con enfermedad oncológica. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado entre octubre de 2024 y abril de 2025, con una muestra de conveniencia no probabilística compuesta por pacientes con cáncer colorrectal. Se aplicaron pruebas funcionales, incluyendo evaluación del estado del desempeño funcional, riesgo de sarcopenia, velocidad de marcha, prueba de sentarse y levantarse y autopercepción de la salud, en el pre y posoperatorio. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y, debido a la distribución no normal, se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar los momentos evaluados. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 24 pacientes, con predominio masculino y bajo nivel educativo. Se observó alteración en el estado del desempeño funcional [0,00 (0,00–0,75) vs. 1,00 (0,00–1,00); p<0,001] y en el puntaje del riesgo de sarcopenia [0,00 (0,00–11,00) vs. 0,00 (2,00–11,00); p=0,012]. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las demás variables evaluadas. Conclusión: Hubo alteración en el desempeño funcional y en el riesgo de sarcopenia en el período posoperatorio, mientras que las demás variables permanecieron estables, reforzando la importancia de estrategias de rehabilitación en el cuidado de estos pacientes.

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