Associação entre Sintomas e Qualidade de Vida em Pacientes com Câncer Colorretal em Tratamento Antineoplásico

Marcos Nascimento dos Santos; Tatiane Batista dos Santos; Rayanne Luiza Tajra Mualem Araújo; Daisy Maria Conceição Santos

doi:10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5796

Autores/as

Marcos Nascimento dos Santos Universidade Tiradentes (Unit). Aracaju (SE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-2267
Tatiane Batista dos Santos Universidade Tiradentes (Unit). Aracaju (SE), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-4614
Rayanne Luiza Tajra Mualem Araújo Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). São Luis (MA), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-9679
Daisy Maria Conceição Santos Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). São Luis (MA), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-9730

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2026v72n4.5796

Palabras clave:

Neoplasias Colorrectales, Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos, Calidad de Vida

Resumen

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal se asocia con una alta carga sintomática, que puede afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes, especialmente durante el tratamiento antineoplásico. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre los síntomas y los dominios de calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal sometidos a tratamiento antineoplásico. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo-analítico con pacientes adultos con cáncer colorrectal sometidos a tratamiento en un hospital oncológico en Maranhão, Brasil, entre octubre de 2024 y enero de 2025. Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. El dolor se evaluó mediante la escala visual analógica y la calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la Organización Europea para la Investigación y el Tratamiento del Cáncer. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para analizar las asociaciones. Resultados: El 60% de los participantes reportó dolor moderado a intenso. Los síntomas más significativos fueron dolor, fatiga e insomnio. Las funciones sociales y cognitivas mostraron puntuaciones más altas, mientras que los dominios físico y emocional mostraron un mayor deterioro. Se observó una correlación positiva significativa entre el dolor y la fatiga (ρ=0,555; p<0,001) y entre el dolor y el insomnio (ρ=0,347; p<0,05). Conclusión: El dolor resultó ser un síntoma prevalente asociado con el deterioro funcional y emocional, y podría formar parte de un grupo sintomático junto con la fatiga y el insomnio.

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